Before anything else, I must admit that it took more than a few days for the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro to grow on me and finally reveal themselves as the excellent entry-range TWS ANC earbuds that they are. After only a few encounters, I still wasn’t happy with the ergonomics and the sound. However, it took over a week of moving back and forth between these and other products from the same category, such as the more expensive 1MORE ComfoBuds Mini, to finally realize how good the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro are for their price, which is discounted to US$59.99 for US-based customers at the time of writing. In addition to 1MORE’s proprietary AI-driven QuietMax active noise cancelation technology (up to 38 dB), the PistonBuds Pro also feature AI-powered sound enhancement in calls that uses the audio input provided by the four microphones (two per earbud), and a low-latency gaming mode. SoundID and other mid- to high-end technologies are not present, but there are a few studio-grade EQ presets alongside the possibility to save, load and edit custom EQ settings. Today’s review comes after more than two months of using this product, so it also includes real-life experiences including a few falls, drops and usage in low temperatures and rain. Top 10 Laptops Multimedia, Budget Multimedia, Gaming, Budget Gaming, Lightweight Gaming, Business, Budget Office, Workstation, Subnotebooks, Ultrabooks, Chromebooks under 300 USD/Euros, under 500 USD/Euros, 1,000 USD/Euros, for University Students, Best Displays Top 10 Smartphones Smartphones, Phablets, ≤6-inch, Camera Smartphones The white cardboard box of the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro might be protecting a Luca Bignardi-tuned product, but the magnetic closure and the DaVinci-style drawings are nowhere to be found. In addition to the earbuds and the charging case, the box contains a USB-A to USB-C cable, the user manual, the same QR code card present in the package of most 1MORE products (leading to a product validation page), as well as three additional pairs of silicone eartips. As usual with 1MORE headphones, the technical details and features are printed on the front, left side, and back of the retail box. The PistonBuds Pro version that I received comes in white and sports silver logos on the charging case and the earbuds. For the black variant, 1MORE replaced silver with gold. The plastic material is solid enough and feels pleasant to touch, but it gets dirty in a jiffy and cleaning it is not as easy as one would assume. On a more positive note, the case fits nicely in small pockets thanks to its rounded edges. The earbud reset button is placed on the back of the case, and a single LED indicator sits in the middle of the front side. Overall, the build quality and materials are very good for the price. As their name suggests, the earbuds are piston-shaped. They are medium-sized and very easy to pick up and handle. Adjusting their in-ear fit is also very easy to do. Once the user has installed the appropriately sized eartips, it is almost impossible for the PistonBuds Pro to fall out. In my case, very long phone talks, eating, chewing gum, doing push-ups, or headbanging never managed to make these earbuds fall off. The 1MORE PistonBuds Pro’s firmware is upgradable, so the first thing to do after taking them out of the box is to install the 1MORE MUSIC app and use it to check for an update and install it if available. As I mentioned earlier, they fit nicely in my ears and handling them is very easy, even for people with large hands. However, their size may lead to unwanted touches while handling glasses and some might not enjoy the way they protrude. The most interesting part about the sound delivered by these earbuds is that the response depends a lot on the sound source and settings used, more than I noticed with similar products. My first impression was that all I can get would be a rather flat response, leaning towards the lower area of the audio spectrum, and an overall boring experience. Fortunately, I was wrong. The sound delivered by the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro has often more depth than expected from these small enclosures. Enabling ANC does not provide a dramatic change in the audio experience, but this happens by narrowing the range of frequencies filtered out as well. While a total of four microphones with AI-powered call improvement should get the job done, I couldn’t make myself understood during phone calls in crowded areas. On the bright side, while wearing a beanie and a hood on top of it, I was able to make myself heard unexpectedly well, as long as the traffic around me was not too noisy. In calls, the incoming sound is always loud enough and clear. Sometimes, the sound is too loud compared to music at the same volume. I usually keep the volume around 60 percent when using the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro and I managed to get about 4 hours of battery life with ANC on, which also included a few phone calls. Keeping ANC disabled doesn’t result in the advertised 7.5 hours of battery life, but with the volume around 70-75 percent, I usually got around 6 hours. Others might consider this to be rather short, but it should be long enough for most regular use cases. Keep in mind that 1MORE’s advertised battery life figures are the result of tests conducted at 50 percent volume. The 1MORE MUSIC app has reached version 4.7.5 and the list of features available when using the PistonBuds Pro includes a low-latency switch, 12 studio-grade built-in EQ presets and custom EQ, smart playback, as well as custom settings for double and triple tap. The only ANC modes available are "Strong" and "WNR", while the transparency mode offers pass-through ambient awareness. In addition to the above, the app also sports a burn-in feature, the ability to check the visual six-step quick user guide, and to play soothing sounds. In the beginning, the app was not able to retain the ANC settings for the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro, but everything works fine now. At the time of writing, the latest firmware version was 1.0.5. As it happens for all other 1MORE products that work with the app, this software companion is available for both Android and iOS devices. The 1MORE PistonBuds Pro are very versatile when it comes to sound quality for music. While testing these earbuds, I enjoyed the sonic experience in both vocal-heavy light tracks and black metal, something that doesn’t happen often with budget products. The low-latency gaming mode helps in certain situations, although the latency is still lower than in most sub-US$100 TWS that I’ve tested. The case is easy to handle, light, and looks good. As usual, the software companion gets the job done. Connectivity is rock-solid and I had no problems remaining connected about 5 meters away and a concrete wall separating me and the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro from the phone. As I was expecting, the soothing sounds could have simply been slashed from the app for the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro. The earbuds also can’t be customized separately. Battery life is all right, but slightly shorter than expected. The charging case gets dirty and scratches easily, and it would be nice to have at least a red or blue color variant in addition to the two-item list of color choices. Furthermore, the list of EQ presets still doesn’t include settings suited for rock and metal. Sometimes it’s difficult not to compare budget offerings with competing products that cost at least twice as much. But even without lowering my expectations according to the price, the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro impressed me. However, it did not happen on the first or second day, so those who want the best sound experience right out of the box might want to take some time to burn them in first or at least to spend enough time to find the right settings. All in all, the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro provide a lot of bang for the buck and should satisfy most prospective buyers in this price range. Disclaimer: The author of this review received the 1MORE PistonBuds Pro from 1MORE free of charge for the purpose of testing. The 1MORE PistonBuds Pro TWS are now available from 1MORE US for US$59.99, down from the regular price of US$69.99. A limited-time offer that includes a coupon will bring the price down to US$49.99, with free ground shipping for US customers. 1MORE’s global website has no deals for the PistonBuds Pro, which can be acquired for US$69.99, but various local taxes and shipping costs might increase the final cost. On Amazon US, those interested can grab the PistonBuds Pro for US$59.99. 1MORE (official product page, US English)
Searching for your content… In-Language News Contact Us 888-776-0942 from 8 AM – 10 PM ET News provided by Nov 17, 2022, 08:23 ET Share this article Mid-rise Community to Bring 265 Apartment Homes to Boston’s Art-centric Allston Neighborhood BOSTON, Nov. 17, 2022 /PRNewswire/ — Quarterra Multifamily, a subsidiary of Lennar Corporation and a vertically integrated multifamily apartment builder, developer, and asset manager, today announced the start of construction at Harper, a mid-rise community in the Boston neighborhood of Allston – known as the city’s hub for public art and music. Harper brings 265 apartment homes to Allston, which is named after American painter and poet Washington Allston. Fittingly, Allston is renowned for its collection of murals and unique music venues. The neighborhood historically attracted a large student demographic, due to its location at the center of Boston’s top universities – Harvard University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston College, Tufts University and Boston University. In recent years, however, the area has also become home to a diverse population of young professionals, lured by the public art and burgeoning music scene. “Allston is perfectly positioned amid Boston’s unparalleled academic institutions. But the neighborhood has really taken on its own identity over the years,” said Dan Lee, Quarterra’s Division President for New England. “Harper residents will have easy access to everything those first-class university systems have to offer but will also be at the heart of an incredibly active and eclectic arts and entertainment scene. We’re excited to introduce a Quarterra community to this already thriving neighborhood and contribute to the vibe that makes Allston such an enviable place to live.” Situated at 40 Rugg Road, Harper will truly be at the center of it all. Harper is also just a stone’s throw away from several sports venues: historic Fenway Park, home of the Red Sox; Warrior Ice Arena, practice facility for the Boston Bruins; Auerbach Center, practice facility for the Boston Celtics; and the Track at New Balance multisport complex. Other local cultural opportunities include the Museum of Fine Arts, the Honan-Allston Branch of the Boston Public Library and the annual Allston Village Street Fair. Residents will also enjoy nearby Magazine Beach, Ringer Playground, Artesani Wading Pool and Spray Deck, Arsenal Community Park and Skate Park, Penniman Road Play Area, and Mansfield Street Dog Park. Harper is within walking distance of Allston’s retail, dining and nightlife district along Harvard Avenue and Cambridge Street. The Allston Yards mixed-use development, with 50,000 square feet of retail and a new, 67,000 flagship Stop & Shop grocery store, is only a quarter mile away. Less than half mile away, the mixed-use Boston Landing development features 25 shops and restaurants. Major employers in the Boston Landing campus include the New Balance headquarters, WGBH-TV, Proteostasis Therapeutics, Roche Diagnostics and Mass Innovation Labs. Harper is also a short commute from Longwood Medical Area and the athenahealth headquarters. The Boston Landing MBTA Commuter Rail station is in close proximity to the community, providing direct access to Boston’s Yawkey (Longwood), Back Bay and South Station along the Framingham/Worcester line. The train accesses most entertainment and commercial hubs – including Fenway and the financial district – in less than 15 minutes. Additionally, Harper is located half a mile from the Harvard Avenue Station of the MBTA Green light rail station. The community will also have excellent highway connectivity, with the Mass Pike (I-90) just a quarter mile down Cambridge Street, and Boston’s other major thoroughfares just minutes away. At Harper, residents will choose from studio, one- and two-bedroom apartment homes, ranging from 450 to 1,120 square feet, including eight designated artist studio units. Homes will be appointed with stainless steel appliances, quartz countertops, wood-inspired flooring throughout, keyless entries, under-cabinet lighting and movable islands in select floor plans. The community, which has been designed to achieve LEED Gold certification, will be highlighted by two rooftop decks, 11,000 square feet of landscaped green space, interactive streetscapes and 2,500 square feet of ground-floor retail space. Harper residents will have access to a club room with a fireplace lounge, a fitness studio with flex space, co-working spaces with a private conference room, an artist studio, dog run and pet spa, bike storage rooms and a fully automated parking garage. Harper is one of Quarterra’s first two communities in Massachusetts, joining Artemas in Everett, Mass. About Quarterra Multifamily Launched in 2011, Quarterra Multifamily, previously known as LMC, is among the nation’s most active developers, builders and managers. The company is currently the eighth largest U.S. developer, according to the National Multi-Housing Council’s (NMHC) annual Top 50 list and has been on the list for seven consecutive years. Quarterra’s Multifamily Construction organization, previously known as Lennar Multifamily Builders, has been recognized on the NMHC Top 25 Builder list for five consecutive years and ranked No. 15 in 2021. Quarterra creates extraordinary communities where people can live remarkablywww.Quarterra.com. Media Contact Marlena DeFalco LinnellTaylor Marketing 303-682-3943 [email protected] SOURCE Quarterra More news releases in similar topics Cision Distribution 888-776-0942 from 8 AM – 9 PM ET
ConcertsMusicToursNovember 17, 2022Itir Yildiz0 Wizkid is set to go on a nationwide US tour in 2023 spring in support of his new album More Love, Less Ego which was released November 11. The tour kicks off at Toyota Center, Houston on March 3, 2023 lasting almost a month-long with a final stop at The Kia Forum, Los Angeles, CA on April 7. Public sale for the tour tickets starts on November 18. After closing the year with a headline performance which is going to mark his first concert in Africa, at 40,000-capacity Accra Sports Stadium in Ghana on December 10, 2022, the Afrobeats star will pay visits to 20 cities including Miami, Brooklyn, Denver, Seattle, San Francisco, and more, across the nation as well as Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal in Canada. Although 2011 was the year he recorded his debut studio album, it was his sophomore album titled Ayoin in 2014 that gained Wizkid an international recognition. The “Ojuelegba” track’s being remixed by Drake and Skepta was a milestone, which later in 2016 led Wizkid to appear on Drake’s single “One Dance.” The song broke multiple records, making Wizkid the first Afrobeats artist to take place in the Guinness World Records. More Love, Less Ego is the fifth studio album released by Wizkid, following a year of success in 2021, by the time when he was the most-streamed Nigerian artist of all time on Spotify, with over 3.4 billion streams across all credits. Tickets at MEGASeats.com | No Service Charge/Free Shipping – 10% Off Using Code TICKETNEWS Tickets at Event Tickets Center Tickets at Scorebig Tickets at StubHub Tickets at Ticket Club| Free Membership Offer Tickets at TicketNetwork Tickets at TickPick Tickets at TicketSmarter Fri Mar 03 – Houston, TX – Toyota Center Sat Mar 04 – Dallas, TX – The Pavilion at Toyota Music Factory Mon Mar 06 – Orlando, FL – Addition Financial Arena Tue Mar 07 – Miami, FL – FPL Solar Amphitheater at Bayfront Park Thu Mar 09 – Atlanta, GA – State Farm Arena Sat Mar 11 – Philadelphia, PA – The Met Sun Mar 12 – Washington, D.C. – Capital One Arena Tue Mar 14 – Brooklyn, NY – Barclays Center Wed Mar 15 – Boston, MA – MGM Music Hall at Fenway Sat Mar 18 – Montreal, QUE – Bell Centre Sun Mar 19 – Toronto, ONT – Scotiabank Arena Wed Mar 22 – Detroit, MI – Fox Theatre Fri Mar 24 – Chicago, IL – United Center Sat Mar 25 – Minneapolis, MN – The Armory Tue Mar 28 – Denver, CO – Fillmore Auditorium Fri Mar 31 – Seattle, WA – accesso ShoWare Center Sat Apr 01 – Vancouver, BC – Rogers Arena Tue Apr 04 – San Francisco, CA – Bill Graham Civic Auditorium Thu Apr 06 – Phoenix, AZ – Arizona Financial Theatre Fri Apr 07 – Los Angeles, CA – The Kia Forum Last Updated on November 17, 2022 by Dave Clark No comments so far. Be first to leave comment below. Your email address will not be published.Required fields are marked *
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CBRE’s Steve LaMotte, Jr. and Dane Wilson arranged the sale of The Coil, a 151-unit multifamily property in Indianapolis. The Connor Group purchased the property from Promus Realty Properties for an undisclosed amount. “We are very excited for Connor Group and their acquisition of such a high-profile asset within Indianapolis,” said Wilson. “The property is the only one of its kind that is located on both the Central Canal and Central Canal Trail. This location is highly sought after and offers several restaurant, entertainment and outdoor recreation options.” Built in 2017, The Coil is located at 6349 N. College Ave., #105, within the Broad Ripple Village entertainment district. The property offers a mix of studio-, one- and two-bedroom floorplans and features gated structured parking, bike storage, a 24/7 fitness center, a pet spa, smart home technology, an outdoor courtyard and direct interior access to Fresh Thyme Market. Paul Bubny serves as Senior Content Director for Connect Commercial Real Estate, a role to which he brings 13-plus years’ experience covering the commercial real estate industry and 30-plus years in business-to-business journalism. In this capacity, he oversees daily operations while also reporting on both local/regional markets and national trends, covering individual transactions across all property types, as well as delving into broader subject matter. He produces 15-20 daily news stories per day and works with the Connect team and clients to develop longer-form content, ranging from Q&As to thought-leadership pieces. Prior to joining Connect, Paul was Managing Editor for both Real Estate Forum and GlobeSt.com at American Lawyer Media, where he oversaw operations at both publications while also producing daily news and feature-length articles. His tenure in B2B publishing stretches back into the print era, and he has served as Editor in Chief on four national trade publications. Since 1999, Paul has volunteered as the newsletter editor of passenger rail advocacy groups (one national, one local).
UTC When Ellie Hisama was a professor of music at Columbia University, she founded a program called “For the Daughters of Harlem: Working in Sound” that brought together young, racialized women from New York City public schools to engage with music. Now, Hisama, dean of the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Music, is partnering with the YWCA on a similar project, bringing a group of racialized 14- to 20-year-old female-identifying and gender-nonconforming youth from local public schools to the University of Toronto’s Electronic Music Studio, where they’ll learn about music and audio production in two full-day workshops.
“Future Sound 6ix: Connecting Youth and Music Industry in Toronto” is being supported by the Nick Nurse Foundation, which is founded by Toronto Raptors head coach Nick Nurse and supports social justice initiatives that improves the lives of children and young adults through music, sports and literacy. “I was excited to come to Canada and I was told Toronto is incredibly diverse – which it is,” says Hisama, who joined U of T last year. “I wanted to connect Toronto and U of T.” With the guidance of professors, students and guest instructors, the workshop’s participants will focus on music criticism, music production and audio engineering. The workshops will culminate with a public performance showcasing the students’ efforts. Nurse, for his part, says he loves sharing his passion for music. “I’m a big University of Toronto fan, a big Faculty of Music fan and I’m a big music fan – so this was a really good one on a lot of levels for our foundation to support,” Nurse told U of T News. “I think it’s a really cool, unique, cutting-edge project as well. Nick Nurse (photo by Thearon W. Henderson/Getty Images) “Maybe it creates a spark for a lifelong passion that turns into a career for a young person, or maybe it improves somebody’s self-image or gives them a chance they wouldn’t have had. As our foundation continues to grow, we are doing things at the introductory, grassroots level like this all the way to scholarships and career development.” The idea for the U of T project began coming together earlier this year after Hisama and Megan Chang, a Canadian pianist and sessional instructor who holds both a master’s degree and doctorate in music from U of T, discussed ways to help train musicians outside U of T and better engage with the surrounding community. “I strongly believe that there are a lot of kids out there who have so much to offer creatively, but they just don’t have the exposure or resources,” Chang says. “Monica Lin, the part-time community development and program facilitator at the YWCA, and I were talking, and she was trying to find something for young women to do. It just so happens that Ellie had done the ‘Daughters of Harlem’ project and we were like, ‘Maybe we could do the same exact thing in Toronto. “It’s great that Nick Nurse has decided to fund this for us – and his vision for kids and music education all fits.” Adrian Berry, a U of T graduate and Future Sound 6ix program co-ordinator, and Eliot Britton, director of U of T’s Electronic Music Studio and associate professor of composition, music technology, and digital media at the Faculty of Music, will help run the workshops. Student ambassadors will also be on hand to act as mentors for the students. Hisama says she hopes the program helps make the Faculty of Music more accessible to the wider community. “We are sometimes thought of as a strictly Western European classical music institution, or that we aren’t interested in popular music,” she says. “I hope we’ll be able to dispel that and that this is a step towards a larger change.” To that end, Hisama says the Faculty of Music also recently launched a task force on community engagement. “I’m trying to bring together this energy and knowledge and excitement about doing something that is part of the fabric of our community.”
Share this page Get faculty and staff news delivered straight to your inbox. Statement of Land Acknowledgement We wish to acknowledge this land on which the University of Toronto operates. For thousands of years it has been the traditional land of the Huron-Wendat, the Seneca, and the Mississaugas of the Credit. Today, this meeting place is still the home to many Indigenous people from across Turtle Island and we are grateful to have the opportunity to work on this land. Read about U of T’s Statement of Land Acknowledgement. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO – SINCE 1827
The National Security Agency and the Department of Homeland Security announce the institution’s designation through 2027 WASHINGTON–(BUSINESS WIRE)–The National Security Agency and Department of Homeland Security recently announced the designation of Strayer University’s Master of Science in Information Security and Assurance (MSISA) program as a National Center for Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense (CAE-CD) for five years, through the academic year 2027. The designation is awarded to educational institutions that meet the newest standards for cybersecurity.
“The CAE-CD designation is a testament to the quality of our MSISA program and Strayer’s commitment to prepare our students in this ever-changing and relevant discipline,” said Dr. Carlo Sapijaszko, Strayer University’s Dean for Information Technology. “We thank our faculty and leadership team for their hard work toward this achievement, which will greatly benefit our students.” The purpose of the CAE designation program is to promote higher education in cyber defense, increase the workforce of professionals holding these skills, and highlight the importance of higher education as a solution to defending America’s cyberspace. The new CAE-CD designation is based on updated academic criteria for cybersecurity education and allows each institution the opportunity to distinguish its strengths in specific focus areas. “Strayer University is proud to have our Master of Science in Information Security and Assurance program designated as a National Center for Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense,” said Strayer University President Andréa Backman. “This designation reflects our commitment to delivering high-quality, industry-relevant programs to help our students achieve economic mobility through education.” To learn more about Strayer University’s MSISA, visit the program website at https://www.strayer.edu/online-degrees/masters/master-of-science-in-information-security-and-assurance. About Strayer University Founded in 1892, Strayer University is an institution of higher learning for working adult students. It offers flexible and affordable undergraduate and graduate degree programs in business administration (including the Jack Welch Management Institute MBA), accounting, information technology, education, health services, public administration and criminal justice, as well as non-degree web and mobile application development courses through Hackbright Academy and Devmountain. Strayer University is an accredited institution and a member of the Middle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), www.msche.org. Strayer University’s accreditation status is Accreditation Reaffirmed. MSCHE most recently reaffirmed Strayer University’s accreditation status in June 2017, with the next self-study evaluation scheduled for the 2025–2026 academic year. MSCHE is an institutional accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). For more information, visit http://www.strayer.edu. Media Elaine Kincel 202-557-4920 [email protected] The NSA and Department of Homeland Security has designated Strayer University’s MSISA program as a National Center for Academic Excellence. Media Elaine Kincel 202-557-4920 [email protected]
Mark Anderson, age 56, of Jamestown, KY passed away Thursday, November 17 2022 at Lake Cumberland Regional Hospital. He was born on Monday, April 04 1966, in Columbus, Indiana. He was the son of: Mother – Nancy Wilcoxson Anderson, who has preceded him in death Survivors also include: 1 Son: Brandon Anderson, of Oklahoma City OK. 1 Sister: Tammy Wise, of Haynes City FL 1 Brother: Troy Collins, of Jamestown KY He was a Veteran of the U.S. Army and attended Freedom Christian Church. Graveside services will be 11 AM Saturday, November 19 2022 at Carnes – Ballenger Cemetery, Black Fish Road, Jamestown, KY. There will be no visitation. Interment will be in Carnes – Ballenger Cemetery, Black Fish Road, Jamestown, KY. Wilson Funeral Home is in charge of arrangements. Russell Springs Mayor Eddie Thomas and Chris Ramsey joins the show to talk about the upcoming Christmas Parade and other holiday related festivities. Lisa Clark stops by to talk about a free Thanksgiving Dinner coming up for the holiday, and Samuel Gosser with the Russell County Jaycees comes in to promote the Russell County Jaycees Toys for Tots Radio Auction. Russell Springs Mayor Eddie Thomas and Chris Ramsey stop by to preview the upcoming Christmas Parade, talk about the lights at Russell Springs City Park, and a 5K. Russell County Chamber of Commerce President Marisa Ramsey stops by the talk about the upcoming Shop at Home Campaign. Tom Ellis with the Russell Springs Masonic Lodge stops by to talk about the breakfast this Saturday and a drawing for folks that come out the event. Kem Bell and Brother Rick Neff stop by to talk about the WJRS Food for the Needy Drive. If you would like to donate to the drive, call Kem at 270-585-1080, come by the WJRS studio in Middletown, or call the studio at 270-343-4444. LakerCountry.com is a service of WJRS Radio, a division of Lake Cumberland Broadcasters, LLC 2804 South Highway 127, Russell Springs, KY 42642 | (270) 343-4444 | Email
Now streaming on: “It is so complicated to talk about my mom, but she is where my strength comes from. My mother had me when she was sixteen years old, and she was an orphan by the time she was ten. She was the first person to ever love me completely and the first person to ever reject me wholly. We grew up together, so much so that people thought we were brother and sister.”
This is what writer/director Elegance Bratton told me during our recent interview about his achingly personal debut feature, “The Inspection,” which is based on his own experience of discovering his inner strength while serving in the Marine Corps. His sense of worthlessness was instilled in him by his mother, who rejected him after learning he was gay, yet that betrayal did not stop Bratton from loving her or wanting to mend their relationship. He knew that it was the strength she harnessed in order to bring him into the world and care for him, despite all the odds stacked against her, that fueled his own endurance in his journey toward self-acceptance. His story echoes that of George Anthony Morton, the subject of Rosa Ruth Boesten’s haunting HBO documentary, “Master of Light,” who details how his mother had him at the mere age of fifteen and was like a sister to him. She only knew how to provide for her child by selling drugs, a lifestyle that resulted in George being locked away for over 11 years in federal prison, robbed of the entirety of his twenties for possessing two ounces of crack cocaine. Only years after his release do his siblings inform him that his mother may have in fact set him up to serve time. It’s the sort of betrayal that other films would select as its chief focus, but “Master of Light” is about the rebuilding of a life rather than the destruction of one. As Morton instructs his young nephew, “I am not what has happened to me, but what I choose to become.” Just as Bratton funneled his pain into his artistry, Morton spent his years behind bars honing his craft as an extraordinary painter in the tradition of his artistic inspiration, Rembrandt. The film itself is gorgeously lensed by Jurgen Lisse, who plays with the duality of light and darkness expressed throughout both the work and personal struggles of Morton, as he straddles the line between occupying the art world and the impoverished existence of his mother. Yet Boesten and her editor Ephraim Kirkwood also structure the film like a portrait that only gradually reveals itself as each detail is added to the canvas. Aside from a couple title cards specifying locations such as Morton’s birthplace of Kansas City, Missouri, the film never places onscreen the names of Morton’s family members or specifies their relationship to one another, leaving us to rely on our own listening skills to complete the family tree. By the film’s final moments, we feel as if we have reached a clearer understanding of each person from Morton’s life that he has chosen to paint, including his devoted partner Ashley, whose upbringing was entirely different from Morton’s, which occasionally causes friction between them as she warns him against aiding his self-destructive mother. The film’s co-producer, Roger Ross Williams, directed one of the most astonishing films I’ve seen about the transformative power of art, 2016’s “Life Animated,” which explores the ways in which Disney films helped an autistic man connect with the surrounding world that had once seemed out of reach. “Master of Light” is every bit as profound and insightful in illuminating how painting has had a therapeutic role in Morton’s life, enabling him to grapple with his anger at a system designed to entrap people in his situation. His stated aim is to carry into the future artistic traditions that “people of African descent have not had a dignified part in” over the past centuries. There’s a striking 360 degree pan around Morton walking through an art museum as he finds himself surrounded on all sides by the framed faces of Caucasians. He compares his experience of finding himself shackled up in Oklahoma to being on an auction block as his prison was selected for him. Many of the film’s most moving moments center on Morton’s interactions with his nephew, who expresses his fear in light of the horrific murders of Black people at the hands of police that fueled the Black Lives Matter movement. Morton argues that it is, in fact, white perpetrators such as these who fear the giant within people like his nephew who has now woken up, and it’s wonderful to see the budding young artist penning rap songs as a way of tackling his own demons. As I watched Boesten’s film, I kept being reminded of what Bratton had to said to me about finding strength in forgiveness. “If I had held onto everything that happened, I wouldn’t be here,” he told me. “I would be upset somewhere in a bar, mad at the world.” I imagine Morton feels the same way, and indeed, there is a moment in “Master of Light” in which it appears that he is ready to sever his ties from his mother for good, enraged at her seeming efforts to halt him from succeeding in life. Yet he later tells his therapist that he ultimately wants to believe his mother, who denies her children’s accusations that she sent her son to jail in exchange for avoiding her own incarceration. In many ways, this film would make a hugely rewarding double bill with Bratton’s “The Inspection,” considering how both films take an uncommonly frank and unsentimental look at how one can persevere in the face of rejection.
“Is it not evident that there was some beauty in the ugliness of all this?” asks Morton during the film’s final moments, just prior to us seeing the beauty on full display upon his canvas. It is there in the face of his mother, whose own desire to love and be loved brought him to this earth and drove her refusal to let him go, even with the countless obstacles and inequities she faced on a daily basis. Boesten’s picture leaves viewers contemplating all that they have been unwilling to forgive, and all that could be achieved once that baggage has been thrust from their shoulders. Matt Fagerholm is the Literary Editor at RogerEbert.com and is a member of the Chicago Film Critics Association.
By Richard Eisenberg Are you ready for retirement mentally and socially? This online assessment tool might be able to tell you. You know all about IQ (intelligence quotient) and probably EQ (emotional quotient or emotional intelligence). But if you’re getting close to retirement or in retirement, you might also want to know about your RQ. That, of course, is your Retirement Quotient. It’s the designation Robert Laura, founder and chief executive of the Retirement Coaches Association, uses to help people make a successful transition to retirement. The higher your RQ, he says, the easier and better that retirement transition will be. The RQ equation If you like equations, you’ll love Laura’s formula for RQ. It’s this: IQ + EQ + SQ + AQ = RQ Here, SQ is your social quotient (ability to build and maintain a network of friends over time) and AQ is your adversity quotient (ability to deal with life’s adversities). Combine them with your IQ and your EQ and, voilà, you have your RQ. To calculate your RQ, Laura has just come out with a multiple-choice, 56-question, online personal assessment tool for people about three to five years from retirement. He calls it the RQ Profile. The cost to get your RQ score and RQ Profile Report through the Retq.org site as well as a trained retirement-coach consultation about them is $29 in November (the price will rise to $79 starting in December). "The RQ measures your potential to struggle with the transition to retirement," says Laura. "So many people go into retirement with vague ideas." Read:How to get a guaranteed retirement spending rate of 4.3% Whittling down from 180 retirement questions to 56 Laura spent two years and thousands of hours creating the RQ tool, whittling down the number of questions from 180. This meant getting advice from hundreds of retirement coaches and everyday people to tune up the tool and then working with tech gurus to make it simple to use. His RQ assessment, which takes about 20 minutes to complete, scores you in three areas: retirement knowledge, work life and personal life, with a combined total score of up to 1,395. "We’re a society where everyone wants a number," says Laura. The point of getting your RQ score isn’t so much knowing how prepared you are psychologically and socially for retirement, though you’ll get a good sense of that. Learning your ‘variances’ It’s more about understanding your "variances"–where the kind of person you are doesn’t square with the way you envision your retirement. "We wanted to be able to grab someone’s personality and their preferences, lay it over the transition and what they know about it and see where they’re at to facilitate a discussion [with a retirement adviser] in a planning process," says Laura. For instance, maybe your RQ Profile shows you’re a Type A, left-brain extrovert, but the retirement you’ve envisioned doesn’t match those traits. Or maybe your results reveal that work is super important to you, but you plan to quit working cold turkey in retirement. In cases like these, you’ll want to rethink your retirement plans (since it’s doubtful you’ll change your personality at this point in life). "Retirement is like the world’s biggest New Year’s resolution. ‘When I get there, I’m going to change,’" says Laura. "No, you’re not. You’re going to be the same." Read:From ‘coastal grandmother’ style to accessible farmhouse furniture, boomers are becoming popular among big brands Getting your psychological needs met in retirement Laura says this all relates to a psychological concept called "enmesh," which is about where you get your psychological needs met. Workaholics, he notes, will want to find replacements for work so they’ll have other forms of mental stimulus and purpose in retirement. (Recent AARP research found that 28% of Americans surveyed who aren’t retired expect to work for pay in retirement.) An RQ score on the tool of anything below 1,000 could benefit from some work, Laura notes. Don’t know where to live in retirement?Check out the Where Should I Retire? column How I scored on the RQ assessment I took his RQ assessment and scored a 971. Laura told me that was "excellent" (many who’ve taken it have scored in the 800s). But I think he was buttering me up a little. I did score well on a few keys to a positive retirement–such as making plans to volunteer, work part-time and improve my health. But even though I thought I’d done a good job preparing for the "unretirement" stage of life I’ve lived since January 2022 (I’m working part time writing and editing, volunteering and mentoring, taking care of my health, traveling and spending time with friends and family), I apparently have some retirement-transition work to do. One reason my RQ score got docked: I hadn’t written down my retirement plan. "Research suggests that people are 42% more likely to achieve a goal by writing it down," Laura notes. Other assessments for retirement The RQ tool isn’t the first to ask people questions about themselves and their retirement plans, of course. Retirement Options, a division of Career Partners International, has a clinical type of assessment tool known as Retirement Success Profile. And retirement coaches such as Nick Freedman of Retire on Purpose and Larry Jacobson of Buoy Coaching have their own series of questions to answer. But Laura’s is thorough without being taxing. Laura calls it "technology infused with the human element," which sounds about right. "We hope it is a disrupter," he adds. Next, Laura expects to roll out a version of the RQ tool for people already in their first one to five years of retirement, to help them make course corrections as needed. -Richard Eisenberg (END) Dow Jones Newswires 11-17-22 1150ET Transparency is how we protect the integrity of our work and keep empowering investors to achieve their goals and dreams. And we have unwavering standards for how we keep that integrity intact, from our research and data to our policies on content and your personal data. We’d like to share more about how we work and what drives our day-to-day business. We sell different types of products and services to both investment professionals and individual investors. These products and services are usually sold through license agreements or subscriptions. Our investment management business generates asset-based fees, which are calculated as a percentage of assets under management. We also sell both admissions and sponsorship packages for our investment conferences and advertising on our websites and newsletters.
Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Advertisement Scientific Reportsvolume 12, Article number: 18510 (2022) Cite this article 2622 Accesses 302 Altmetric Metrics details Food production is responsible for almost one-quarter of the environmental impact and, therefore, its importance regarding sustainability should not be overlooked. The companion animal population is increasing, and an important part of pet food is composed of ingredients that have a high environmental impact. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of dry, wet, and homemade pet diets on greenhouse gas emission, land use, acidifying emission, eutrophying emissions, freshwater withdrawals, and stress-weighted water use. The wet diets were responsible for the highest impact, and dry diets were the type of diet that least impacted the environment, with a positive correlation between the metabolizable energy provided by animal ingredients and the environmental impact. It is necessary to consider the environmental impact of pet food since it is significant, and the population of pets tends to increase. Companion animals are considered part of the family, and their population is growing1. The three top countries regarding canine population are the U.S. (76.8 mi dogs), Brazil (52.2 mi), and China (27.4 mi), and regarding the feline population the top three countries are the U.S. (58.4 mi), China (53.1 mi), and Brazil (22.1 mi)2,3,4. In Brazil, according to a nationwide census in 2013, the dog population has overcome the number of children2. This expansion in the pet population increases the demand for products of this segment, including food5. Because pet foods are rich in ingredients of animal origin, and this type of ingredient is known to be responsible for higher gas emissions and land use6,7, it is important to consider their impact on the environment. A meta-analysis on the impact of food, which included 38,700 farms and 119 countries, observed that food production is responsible for 26% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emission (GHG)7. According to the authors, animal production, including fish, is responsible for 31% of GHG, and crops are responsible for 27%. The land use corresponds to 24% of emissions, of which 16% are related to animal production and 8% to crops. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that 50% of the habitable land and 70% of freshwater withdrawals are used for agriculture8. GHGs are gas substances that constitute the atmosphere and can be natural or anthropogenic, which absorb radiation emitted by the terrestrial surface. They prevent the loss of heat to space, keeping the terrestrial surface potentially warmer and, therefore, can cause alterations to the atmosphere balance. Some of the GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and water vapor. The emission of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2eq) represents the mass of CO2 that causes the same radiative forcing of a determined GHG mass over the same period and is a measure that comprehends all the GHGs9. For most of the foods, the highest percentage of GHG emission results from the change in the soil, which is caused by deforestation and carbon composition of the soil, along with fertilizers. Together, they can represent about 80% of the CO2eq of foods7,9,10. Land use is another tool to estimate environmental impact. It is an important parameter to indicate if a region can support the production of food. For example, livestock accounts globally for 77% of farming land and produces only 37% of total protein7. Other indicators of environmental impact are acidifying emissions (as sulfur dioxide equivalent emission), eutrophying emissions (as phosphate equivalent emissions), freshwater withdrawals, and stress-weighted water use7. Little is known regarding the impact of feeding canine and feline populations. A study11 observed that the ecological footprint (or pawprint) of the Chinese population of dogs and cats is equivalent to 70 to 245 million Chinese citizens, depending on the size of the animal and diet consumed. Another study conducted in Japan12 observed that the ecological pawprint of a dog can be similar to that of one Japanese citizen. In the U.S., a study13 observed that the canine population was responsible for between 25 and 30% of the animal production impact regarding land use, water, and fossil fuels. A recent study14 estimated the global pawprint of pet food based on dry diets from the U.S. and observed that pet food could be responsible for up to 2.9% of CO2eq emission and up to 1.2% of agricultural land use. All of these studies, however, used different methods to evaluate the diet composition, considering either hypothetical diets or only dry diets. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental impact of different types of diets for dogs and cats in Brazil, since it is among the top countries regarding canine and feline population and is representative in a global environmental impact scenario. A total of 938 diets, 618 for dogs (316 commercial dry, 81 commercial wet, 139 commercial homemade, and 82 homemade from websites) and 320 for cats (180 commercial dry, 104 commercial wet, 11 commercial homemade, and 26 homemade from websites) were included in the present study (see the supplementary materials). A total of 212 ingredients were found at diet label or websites, of which 46.2% of animal sources (n = 98/212) and 53.8% of vegetable sources (n = 114/212). Ingredients of commercial wet and dry diets were 49.5% of animal sources (n = 47/95 ingredients listed) and 50.5% of vegetable sources (n = 48/95), whereas the ingredients of homemade diets (commercial and website) were 45.3% of animal sources (n = 68/150 ingredients listed) and 54.7% of vegetable sources (n = 82/150). The five most common ingredients in commercial dry and wet diets were poultry by-product meal (used in 488 diets), poultry fat (in 478 diets), whole cornmeal (in 355 diets), broken rice (in 342 diets), and beet pulp (in 316 diets). The five most common ingredients in commercial or internet homemade diets were cooked carrot (in 134 diets), cooked squash (in 79 diets), cooked sweet potato (in 77 diets), cooked zucchini (in 74 diets), and cooked chayote (in 73 diets) (Table S3). Dry diets for both dogs and cats presented the highest metabolizable energy (kcal/g) (p < 0.001) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) content (g/1000 kcal) (p < 0.001). As for protein content (g/1000 kcal), wet diets for dogs presented the highest amounts, followed by homemade diets (p < 0.001), and wet and website homemade diets for cats had the highest amounts (p < 0.001). Regarding fat content (g/1000 kcal), wet diets for dogs contained the highest amounts (p < 0.001), whereas for cats the wet diets were higher in fat than dry diets (p < 0.001). The profile for metabolizable energy, crude protein, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract of each category of diet for dogs can be observed in Fig. S1, and for cats in Fig. S2. The protein, fat, and metabolizable energy sources, whether of animal or vegetable origin, were evaluated and the results are presented in Tables S1 and S2 and Fig. 1. The median percentages of protein and fat from animal origin were significantly higher for all of the types of diets, for both dogs (p < 0.001) and cats (p ≤ 0.03), and the metabolizable energy provided by animal ingredients was higher for all diet types for cats (p < 0.001). The metabolizable energy provided by animal sources for dogs was only higher for dry (p < 0.001) and wet diets (p < 0.001), with no difference in commercial (p = 0.1) or website (p = 0.09) homemade recipes. Boxplots of the distribution of percentages of crude protein, crude fat, and amount of metabolizable energy provided by either animal or vegetable origin for each type of diet. Diet category: Cc homemade diets, Cs website homemade diets, S dry diets, and U wet diets. Plots of the same variable that have different letters differed (p < 0.05) according to the multiple comparison test between groups. For all of the variables of environmental impact evaluated, wet diets represented a significantly greater impact on the environment, for both dogs (Fig. 2) and cats (Fig. 3). In most cases, dry diets were responsible for less environmental impact than the other types of diets. Regarding homemade diets, the environmental impact was intermediary between wet and dry diets, except for acidifying emissions, freshwater withdrawals, and stress-weighted water use in diets for cats, in which they were similar between dry diets and commercial homemade diets. Boxplots of the estimated environmental impact per 1000 kcal of diets for dogs according to the type of diet for the variables carbon dioxide equivalent emission, land use, acidifying emission, eutrophying emission, freshwater withdrawal, and stress-weighted water use. Plots of the same variable that have different letters differed (p < 0.05) according to the multiple comparison test between groups. Diet category: Cc homemade diets, Cs website homemade diets, S dry diets, and U wet diets. Plots of the same variable that have different letters differed (p < 0.05) according to the multiple comparison test between groups. Boxplots of the estimated environmental impact per 1000 kcal of diets for dogs according to the type of diet for the variables carbon dioxide equivalent emission, land use, acidifying emission, eutrophying emission, freshwater withdrawal, and stress-weighted water use. Plots of the same variable that have different letters differed (p < 0.05) according to the multiple comparison test between groups. Diet category: Cc homemade diets, Cs website homemade diets, S dry diets, and U wet diets. Plots of the same variable that have different letters differed (p < 0.05) according to the multiple comparison test between groups. To summarize the data set information and better explore the contributions of different diet variables evaluated on the environmental impact parameters studied. Figure 4 shows the results of the principal component analysis (PCA) of diets for dogs, considering the first (PC1) and second (PC2) principal components, responsible for 71.9% of data variance for dogs (Fig. S3). For variables regarding diets for dogs, the metabolizable energy was one of the characteristics that were most responsible for the horizontal dispersion of the data, followed by sulfur oxide equivalent (SO2eq) and phosphate equivalent (PO43−eq). According to the results of the PCA, the higher the metabolizable energy of animal origin, the higher the environmental impact measured with PO43-eq and SO2eq. The variables that influenced the vertical dispersion the most were the fat from both animal and vegetable origin, followed by land use and CO2eq, which have the same direction as the vegetable fat, which suggests that the higher the fat from vegetable origin, the higher the impact measured with CO2eq and land use, and an inverse correlation with fat from animal origin. From the PC1, it can also be observed that metabolizable energy, fat, and protein from vegetable origin, as well as NFE, had an inverse relationship with the variables of environmental impact. Principal component analysis (PCA) of first principal component (PC1) versus second principal component (PC2) of diets for dogs. ENN nitrogen-free extract, PBv protein from vegetable sources, Emv metabolizable energy from vegetable sources, Eev fat from vegetable sources, CO2eq carbon dioxide equivalent, area land use, PO4eq phosphate equivalent, SW stress-weighted water usage, SO2eq sulphur oxide equivalent, UA freshwater withdrawals, PB protein content, EE fat content, Ema metabolizable energy from animal sources, Pba protein from animal sources, Eea fat from animal sources. Wet diets were differentiated from the other categories of diets and correlated to an increased environmental impact (Fig. 5). Biplot of standardized first (PC1) and second principal components (PC2) with observations of diets for dogs. Cc homemade diets, Cs website homemade diets, S dry diets, U wet diets, ENN nitrogen-free extract, PBv protein from vegetable sources, Emv metabolizable energy from vegetable sources, Eev fat from vegetable sources, CO2eq carbon dioxide equivalent, area land use, PO4eq phosphate equivalent, SW stress-weighted water usage, SO2eq sulphur oxide equivalent, UA freshwater withdrawals, PB protein content, EE fat content, Ema metabolizable energy from animal sources, Pba protein from animal sources, Eea fat from animal sources. Figure 6 shows the results of the PCA of diets for cats, considering PC1 and PC2, responsible for 71.0% of data variance for cats (Fig. S4). The results are very similar to those of diets for dogs, with a correlation between the metabolizable energy of animal origin and the environmental impact measured with PO43-eq and SO2eq. Regarding the PC1, as it was observed in dogs, the metabolizable energy, fat, and protein from vegetable sources, as well as NFE, presented an inverse relationship with the variables of environmental impact. Principal component analysis (PCA) of first principal component (PC1) versus second principal component (PC2) of diets for cats. ENN nitrogen-free extract, PBv protein from vegetable origin, Emv metabolizable energy from vegetable origin, Eev fat from vegetable origin, CO2eq carbon dioxide equivalent, area land use, PO4eq phosphate equivalent, SW stress-weighted water usage, SO2eq sulphur oxide equivalent, UA freshwater withdrawals, PB protein content, EE fat content, Ema metabolizable energy from animal sources, Pba protein from animal sources, Eea fat from animal sources. Similar to dogs, the wet diets for cats correlated to an increased environmental impact, as the diet observations follow the same direction as the vectors of the variables for environmental impact (Fig. 7). Biplot of standardized first (PC1) and second principal components (PC2) with observations of diets for cats. Cc homemade diets, Cs website homemade diets, S dry diets, U wet diets, ENN nitrogen-free extract, PBv protein from vegetable sources, Emv metabolizable energy from vegetable sources, Eev fat from vegetable sources, CO2eq carbon dioxide equivalent, area land use, PO4eq phosphate equivalent, SW stress-weighted water usage, SO2eq sulphur oxide equivalent, UA freshwater withdrawals, PB protein content, EE fat content, Ema metabolizable energy from animal sources, Pba protein from animal sources, Eea fat from animal sources. In the present study, extensive research regarding the composition of different types of pet food was performed to estimate the environmental impact of diets for dogs and cats in Brazil. This approach allowed to estimate the impact of different variables of environmental impact, which revealed that wet diets positively correlated to higher environmental impact than dry or homemade diets. If a 10 kg dog with an average caloric intake of 534 kcal per day15 is considered, we can estimate the yearly consumption of calories and, therefore, can estimate the annual environmental impact. If we consider the results of the present study, the median of CO2eq of a dry diet per 1000 kcal is 4.25 kg and a wet diet of 33.56 kg. This average dog would be responsible for 828.37 kg of CO2eq per year if consuming dry diets or 6,541 kg of CO2eq per year if consuming wet diets. This is consistent with 12.4 to 97.8% of the emission of a Brazilian citizen, which is 6.69 tCO2eq per year16. If we extrapolate this emission to the canine population in Brazil, of 52.2 million (2), the total emission would be between 0.04 and 0.34 Gt CO2eq per year, which would represent from 2.9 to 24.6% of the total estimated emission of 1.38 Gt for Brazil16. These results bring to light the importance of the role of pet food in the discussion of sustainability since its impact can be extensive. In the present study, it was observed that dry pet foods caused lower environmental impact because the environmental impact variables studied (all variables for dogs and CO2eq, land use, and PO43− eq for cats) were lower per 1000 kcal. However, the number of veterinarians, breeders and pet owners interested in homemade or home-prepared diets seems to be increasing17,18,19,20. Our data showed, however, that this type of diet is related to a higher environmental impact than conventional dry diets. Wet diets, whilst indicated as a strategy to increase palatability and water consumption by cat and dogs with a higher risk of developing urolithiasis21,22, were the ones that had the highest environmental impact. Many factors can influence the sustainability of food, including ingredient choice, ingredient composition, digestibility, and percentage of ingredient inclusion. Sometimes the ingredient choice is made taking into consideration consumer demand instead of only nutritional composition, which can lead to ingredients that compete directly with human diets. Furthermore, diets are sometimes formulated to contain an excess of nutrients. These factors represent a challenge to optimize the sustainability of pet food5. In the subject of sustainability of the pet food system, animal protein is almost always in the spotlight. Animal proteins usually have higher CO2eq emissions than proteins from vegetables. For example, the production of 100 g of pea protein is responsible for the emission of 0.4 kg CO2eq, while the production of the same amount of protein from beef is responsible for 35.0 kg CO2eq, almost 90 times more7. Even when comparing the pea farm with the highest carbon footprint (0.8 kg CO2eq/100 g protein) with the lowest farm of beef or chicken production (9.0 and 2.4 kg CO2eq/100 g protein, respectively), there is an important difference between plant- and animal-based proteins. Human plant-based diets or diets with more plant-based protein require less energy, less freshwater, and less land use when compared to diets with more ingredients of animal sources23. Dogs and cats, however, have different nutritional requirements and are considered carnivores15,24 and, therefore, vegan diets could lead to risks for these species25. Specifically, about proteins requirements, synthetic amino acids can be added to pet foods as a way to correct possible nutritional imbalances24, but environmental impact of this addition was not evaluated. The present study observed that most of the proteins of the diets were from animal origin. Despite the intake of vegetable proteins having a lower impact on the environment, in the case that animal protein needs to be included the choice for production with lower impact is important. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), 61% of pork production, 81% of chicken production, and 86% of egg production use intensive farming methods, which can reduce considerably the impact on the environment, especially regarding land use and CO2eq emission26. In this case, products of extensive farming, especially those from pastures from deforestation as occurs in most developing countries, can represent a higher impact, and therefore should be avoided27. However, other studies showed that pasture development minimizes the environmental impact of extensive farming due to pasture consumes part of the GHGs produced by animal production, and different pasture management strategies can be effective alternative for sustainable animal protein production28,29. Several ingredients used in pet food are considered by-products, and this could be considered as a factor that reduces the impact of these foods5,13. According to the Brazilian Association of Animal Rendering30, ingredients produced by rendering are named non-edible products of animal origin, which include meals, fats, and blood derivates. According to a report from this institution, approximately 38% of beef, 20% of pork, and 19% of chicken is viscera or blood that is not used for human consumption31. Of all the by-products produced in Brazil, 12.8% are used in the pet food segment, and the rest is used for animal production, biodiesel, hygiene, and cleaning, among other uses32. There is no information on how much of these by-products are turned into meals and fats and how much is used fresh, or even if the fresh offal is not considered in this calculation of rendering potential. The argument that consuming by-product is more sustainable and therefore should not be considered when estimating the environmental impact of pet food, however, can be partially true. Fresh offal can sometimes compete with human markets and there may not be sufficient by-products from the industry of human food to feed the increasing population of pets, which means that animal production could need an increase due to pet food demand32. In the present study, all types of diets contained by-products such as offal or meat meals, although dry and wet diets presented by-products more often than homemade diets. The pet food industry should have diets that are accepted by the owners and at the same time be nutritionally balanced and palatable for the pets. There is no single strategy for improving sustainability that applies to all manufacturers since regional demand and socioeconomic development must be taken into consideration5. Suggestions to promote more sustainable pet food include the use of alternative protein sources. As protein-rich ingredients can be one of the main sources of environmental impact, the choice of protein type is very important, not only between vegetable or animal sources but among different species, such as beef, pork, chicken, or fish. The different sources of protein have different impacts regarding sustainability7 and, therefore, a change of inclusion or ingredient should be considered depending on the nutrient requirement and diet composition as a whole. Furthermore, the inclusion of alternative ingredients, such as insects, could improve the sustainability of a diet. The estimated CO2eq emission per 100 g of protein from mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) is 14 kg, and the use is approximately 18 m2, which can be up to 14 times less than chicken, pork, or beef production33. Another possibility of providing a more sustainable diet for pets is to avoid providing nutrients in excess. Our data showed that diet with higher NFE caused lower environmental impact. The daily recommended intake of protein according to FEDIAF15 per 1000 kcal is 52.1 g for inactive dogs and 83.3 g for inactive cats, and the daily recommendation for fat intake is 13.75 g for inactive dogs and 22.5 g for inactive cats. All types of diets included in the present study provided more protein and fat than recommended for dogs and cats. Amino acids provided by the extra protein are not stored in the organism and can either be utilized as an energy source or be excreted. Fatty acids provided by excessive fat, on the other hand, are utilized as an energy source or stored as fat deposits, which can lead to obesity24. This excessive intake of nutrients can be seen as a potential waste of resources from a sustainable point of view5. However, sometimes higher protein and fat contents in diets can be used to enhance the acceptance of diets by pets, and a balance should be thought between excessive nutrients and palatability of the diet. To estimate the environmental impact, data was collected from different types of pet food for healthy adults. All pet foods were categorized as dry (extruded pet food with 12% or less moisture), wet (canned or pouch), and homemade diets (produced using the same ingredients as man food). Homemade pet foods were subcategorized as “commercial homemade” (produced and sold by pet food companies) or “website homemade” (recipes recommended by websites to be cooked at home by owners). To estimate the environmental impact of commercial pet foods, all commercial dry and wet diets found on the websites of the three major retailers of the pet food sector in Brazil were selected. Commercial homemade diets were selected after a search using the Google search tool using the Portuguese terms for “buy” and “homemade diet”, followed by the terms “dog”, “canine”, “cat” or “feline”. Website recipes published in Portuguese were selected using the Google search tool, and search terms were “homemade diet recipe” and “homemade food recipe” followed by the terms “dog” and “cat”. For both commercial and website homemade diets, the results obtained up to the 10th page of the search tool for each term were considered. All diets included were advertised as complete and balanced for healthy adults, and exclusion criteria were diets for puppies or kittens, senior diets, therapeutic diets, and treats. Website homemade diet recipes were excluded if the quantity of one or more ingredients was not specified and the same recipes on different websites were also not included. Information regarding the ingredients (except premixes, additives, and preservatives) and guaranteed analysis from labels of all commercial diets were collected. For the recipes of homemade diets acquired from websites, the ingredients and their amounts were considered as described by the website’s authors. The ingredient inclusion percentages for each commercial diet were estimated using a diet formulation software34, aiming at the dry matter macronutrient concentration. The guaranteed analysis information of macronutrients (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, and ash) was converted to a dry matter basis according to the moisture declared on the label. This information was then inserted into the nutrient composition part of each diet in the software. For nutrients with minimum guaranteed levels (crude fat and crude protein), values for maximum inclusion in the software were considered as up to 10% of the minimum value. For nutrients with maximum guaranteed levels (crude fiber and ash), only maximum levels were inserted in the software. The ingredient database for commercial wet and dry diets was obtained preferably from the Brazilian Association of the Pet Food Industry (ABINPET)35, but when not described in this publication, other sources were used36,37. For the homemade diets (commercial and website), the ingredient database was obtained from the USDA’s FoodData Central37 or, when not presented at FoodData Central, the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (TACO)38 was used. After the percentages of inclusion of ingredients were estimated in a dry matter basis, they were converted to percentage of inclusion in original matter basis (as fed), considering the ingredients’ moisture35,36,37. For the website homemade diet recipes, the amount in original matter basis was already stated, and inclusion percentage was calculated according with total amount of the recipe and the amount of each ingredient. The quantities of protein, fat and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the diets were calculated according to label information provided by the manufacturers. The information regarding the metabolizable energy and the minimum amounts of crude protein and crude fat according to the guaranteed analysis information were obtained, and with this information the amount of nutrient per 1000 kcal of the diet was estimated for the dry, wet, and commercial homemade diets. For these three types of diets, the NFE was calculated according to the NRC24 equation: For the website homemade diets, the information was obtained by the composition of the recipe, as they did not contain labels. According with the recipe, the metabolizable energy, protein, fat, and NFE were estimated based on the composition of nutrients37. The metabolizable energy of each diet as informed by the manufacturers on the labels was considered for commercial dry, wet and homemade diets. The Atwater method was used to calculate the energy of website homemade diets24, considering 4 kcal per gram of protein and NFE and 9 kcal per gram of fat39. To better understand the source of nutrients of diets for dogs and cats, the percentage of protein, fat and metabolizable energy provided by vegetable or animal ingredients was calculated for each diet. The percentage was calculated according to the contribution of the nutrient provided by each ingredient in the diet, and if this ingredient was of animal or vegetable origin. For the calculation of the energy source percentage, the energy provided by each ingredient type was considered. The environmental impact variables evaluated were greenhouse gas (GHG) emission (as carbon dioxide equivalent emission—CO2eq), land use, acidifying emission (as sulphur dioxide equivalent emission—SO2eq), eutrophying emissions (as phosphate equivalent emissions—PO43−eq), freshwater withdrawals, and stress-weighted water use per 1000 kcal of diet, according with the metabolizable energy of the diet and the percentage of inclusion of each ingredient in the diet, as the equation below: To obtain these results, the diet composition was first converted from a dry matter basis to a 1000 kcal basis using the following equation, applied to all ingrediets present in the diet: The comparison per 1000 kcal was used to put all diets on a basis of dietary intake, as a dog or cat requires the same energy intake regardless of the diet chosen and is a reliable unit to compare dietary composition and nutrient intake. The data used to estimate the variables of environmental impact was based on the data from Poore and Nemecek7 for nutrition functional units as 1000 kcal. When data was provided per 100 g protein or per kg of product, it was converted to 1000 kcal based on data from ABINPET35, Butolo36, TACO38, and USDA37 (Table S4). The ingredients were classified in one of the 43 groups listed by Poore and Nemecek7, for example, all types of beef meat were calculated as bovine meat. Furthermore, the relationship between the dietary nutrient composition and the variables that were used to evaluate the environmental impact was assessed. The statistical analysis was performed using R Core Team40. Adherence to normality was tested with the Shapiro–Wilk test, and as only the variables crude protein concentration and NFE of website homemade diets, and SO2eq of dry diets were considered to adhere to normality, non-parametric tests were performed. For the analysis of macronutrient profile and the estimated environmental impact, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare variables. When at least one median was considered different, multiple comparisons between groups were performed. The comparison between energy provided by ingredients of vegetable and animal origin was performed with the Wilcoxon test, considering the variables as two dependent samples. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the relation between the diet characteristics and the variables of environmental impact. As the units of the variables were different, they were scaled considering mean = 0 and variance = 1. The first (PC1) and second principal components (PC2) were responsible for 68.2% of the data variance for dogs (Fig. S3). For cats, PC1 and PC2 are responsible for 71.1% of the data variance (Fig. S4). The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Charles, N. & Davies, C. A. My family and other animals: Pets as kin. Sociol. Res. Online13, 1–14 (2008). Article Google Scholar IBGE. Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013: Acesso e Utilização dos Serviços de Saúde, Acidentes e Violências. Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 2008–2009 (IBGE, 2015). Pet Secure. A Guide to Worldwide Pet Ownership. https://www.petsecure.com.au/pet-care/a-guide-to-worldwide-pet-ownership/ (2019). American Veterinary Medical Association. AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook (AVMA, 2018). Google Scholar Swanson, K. S., Carter, R. A., Yount, T. P., Aretz, J. & Buff, P. R. Nutritional sustainability of pet foods. Adv. Nutr.4, 141–150 (2013). ArticlePubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar Tilman, D. & Clark, M. Global diets link environmental sustainability and human health. Nature515, 518–522 (2014). ArticleADSCASPubMed Google Scholar Poore, J. & Nemecek, T. Reducing food’s environmental impacts through producers and consumers. Science360, 987–992 (2018). ArticleADSCASPubMed Google Scholar FAO. The state of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics.). Vol. 10907 LNCS. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011). Allwood, J. M., Bosetti, V., Dubash, N. K., Gómez-Echeverri, L. & von Stechow, C. Glossary. in Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. 1247–1279 (Cambridge University Press, 2014). Ritchie, H. & Roser, M. Environmental impacts of food production. on Our World Data. https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-of-food (2020). Su, B., Martens, P. & Enders-Slegers, M.-J. A neglected predictor of environmental damage: The ecological paw print and carbon emissions of food consumption by companion dogs and cats in China. J. Clean. Prod.194, 1–11 (2018). Article Google Scholar Su, B. & Martens, P. Environmental impacts of food consumption by companion dogs and cats in Japan. Ecol. Ind.93, 1043–1049 (2018). Article Google Scholar Okin, G. S. Environmental impacts of food consumption by dogs and cats. PLoS ONE12, 1–14 (2017). Article Google Scholar Alexander, P., Berri, A., Moran, D., Reay, D. & Rounsevell, M. D. A. The global environmental paw print of pet food. Glob. Environ. Chang.65, 102153 (2020). Article Google Scholar FEDIAF. Nutritional Guidelines for Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs. (Fédération Européenne de l’Industrie des Aliments pour Animaux Familiers, 2020). Climate Watch. Climate Watch-Brazil. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Emissions Targets. https://www.climatewatchdata.org/countries/BRA?calculation=PER_CAPITA (2020). Michel, K. E. Unconventional diets for dogs and cats. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract.36, 1269–1281 (2006). Article Google Scholar Connolly, K. M., Heinze, C. R. & Freeman, L. M. Feeding practices of dog breeders in the United States and Canada. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.245, 669–676 (2014). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar Laflamme, D. P. et al. Pet feeding practices of dog and cat owners in the United States and Australia. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.232, 687–694 (2008). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar Dodd, S. et al. An observational study of pet feeding practices and how these have changed between 2008 and 2018. Vet. Rec.186, 643 (2020). ArticlePubMed Google Scholar Stevenson, A. E., Hynds, W. K. & Markwell, P. J. Effect of dietary moisture and sodium content on urine composition and calcium oxalate relative supersaturation in healthy miniature schnauzers and labrador retrievers. Res. Vet. Sci.74, 145–151 (2003). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar Buckley, C. M., Hawthorne, A., Colyer, A. & Stevenson, A. E. Effect of dietary water intake on urinary output, specific gravity and relative supersaturation for calcium oxalate and struvite in the cat. Br. J. Nutr.106(Suppl), S128-130 (2011). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar Tilman, D., Balzer, C., Hill, J. & Befort, B. L. Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108, 20260–20264 (2011). ArticleADSCASPubMedPubMed Central Google Scholar NRC. Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats (National Academy Press, 2006). Google Scholar Zafalon, R. V. A. et al. Nutritional inadequacies in commercial vegan foods for dogs and cats. PLoS ONE15, 1–17 (2020). Article Google Scholar Macleod, M. et al. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Pig and Chicken Supply Chains—A Global Life Cycle Assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013). Gerber, P. J. et al. Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock—A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities. Vol. 14 (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2013). Oliveira, P. P. A. et al. Greenhouse gas balance and carbon footprint of pasture-based beef cattle production systems in the tropical region (Atlantic Forest biome). Animal14, s427–s437 (2020). ArticleCASPubMed Google Scholar Mazzetto, A. M., Feigl, B. J., Schils, R. L. M., Cerri, C. E. P. & Cerri, C. C. Improved pasture and herd management to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from a Brazilian beef production system. Livest. Sci.175, 101–112 (2015). Article Google Scholar ABRA. Anuário ABRA: Setor de Reciclagem Animal. (2019). ABRA. II Diagnóstico da Indústria Brasileira de Reciclagem Animal. (2016). Leenstra, F., Vellinga, T. & Bessei, W. Environmental footprint of meat consumption of cats and dogs. Lohmann Inf.52, 32–39 (2018). Google Scholar Oonincx, D. G. A. B. & de Boer, I. J. M. Environmental impact of the production of mealworms as a protein source for humans—A life cycle assessment. PLoS ONE7, 1–5 (2012). Article Google Scholar Optimal Informática Ltd. Optimal Formula 2000. (2019). ABINPET. Manual Pet Food Brasil. (Centrografica, 2017). Butolo, J. E. Qualidade de Ingredientes na Alimentação Animal (Mundo Agro Editora, 2010). Google Scholar USDA. Food Data Central. Food Data Centralhttps://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ (2020). TACO. Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos. (NEPA-UNICAMP, 2011). Atwater, W. O. Principles of nutrition and nutritive value of food. in Farmer’s Bulletin. Vol. 142 (United States Department of Agriculture, 1902). R Core Team. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org/ (2020). Download references We would like to thank Grandfood Industry and Commerce (PremieR pet) for funding our Veterinary Nutrology Service at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. V.P. was supported by a Coordination of Superior Level Staff Improvement (CAPES-Brazil) doctorate scholarship. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Vivian Pedrinelli, Fabio A. Teixeira, Mariana R. Queiroz & Marcio A. Brunetto You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar Conceptualization: V.P. Methodology: V.P. and F.A.T. Investigation: V.P. and F.A.T. Formal analysis, Data curation and Visualization: V.P., F.A.T. and M.R.Q. Supervision: V.P. and M.A.B. Writing—original draft: V.P. and F.A.T. Writing—review & editing: V.P., F.A.T. and M.A.B Correspondence to Marcio A. Brunetto. Dr. Brunetto’s Pet Nutrology Research Center has been funded by Grandfood industry and Commerce (PremieR pet), and Dr. Teixeira and MSc Pedrinelli are both part of the research group. Dr Queiroz declares no potential conflict of interest. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Reprints and Permissions Pedrinelli, V., Teixeira, F.A., Queiroz, M.R. et al. Environmental impact of diets for dogs and cats. Sci Rep12, 18510 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22631-0 Download citation Received: Accepted: Published: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22631-0 Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Jump to navigation Come join our team as Head of Operations. As part of our Senior Leadership team, this role oversees the technical, visitors services, café and bar functions to ensure the safety and positive experience of customers and our team. We reach over 160,000 people a year, providing a creative home for everyone in Barnet. Working with our team you be responsible for growing our food and beverage offer and building on the vibrant and welcoming environment at artsdepot. Our new Head of Operations will need to have experience in working with teams, running a venue, health and safety, facilities management and food and beverage offers. As we come out of Covid, this is a great opportunity to bring new ideas and help shape the organisation for the next decade. We are happy to consider this as a full time role, part time role or job share and we are committed to hybrid and flexible working. As with any role of this nature, you will be expected to work onsite for some of the time. artsdepot is committed to encouraging diversity and eliminating discrimination. Our aim is that our workforce will be truly representative of all sections of society and that each individual feels respected and able to give their best. As part of our commitment to developing our workforce to be reflective of our communities we are particularly encouraging of applications from individuals who are ethnically diverse, disabled, LGBTQI and from lower socio-economic backgrounds. artsdepot is a Disability Confident employer. To apply: Please send your CV and covering letter, and a completed Equal Opportunities Form. You are welcome to submit your application in a different format if you would like to (video, audio recording). Applications will close at 9am on Monday 19 December 2022. However, applications will be reviewed on a rolling basis, and we reserve the right to close applications early if an appointment is made. Please apply without delay to avoid disappointment. We look forward to receiving your application Job Pack Equal Opportunities Form Apply Register Please review our T&Cs
Former President Donald Trump at an Oct. 09, 2022 rally. Former President Donald Trump’s attorneys filed a motion on Thursday asking an appellate court to maintain a system to have a special master review the thousands of files the FBI seized from Mar-a-Lago without classification markings. “The unprecedented nature of this investigation — an invasion into President Trump’s home by the administration of his political rival — demands not only fairness, but the perception of fairness,” Trump’s attorneys Christopher Kise and James Trusty wrote in an 82-page legal brief. “The perception of fairness is not the only reason to question the Government in protecting President Trump’s rights.” Despite the fact that it was executed pursuant to a court-authorized warrant, Trump’s claimed their client was subjected to an “unlawful search and seizure.” Every judge who examined the case to date has affirmed its lawfulness. Even Trump-appointed U.S. District Judge Aileen Cannon, who appointed a special master to review the case, found that “there has not been a compelling showing of callous disregard for [Trump]’s constitutional rights.” The first words of the summary of Trump’s brief sets the tone for the remainder — an attack on the legitimacy of the Justice Department’s investigation. “This investigation of President Trump by the administration of his political rival is both unprecedented and misguided,” the brief states. “In what at its core is a document dispute that has spiraled out of control, the Government wrongfully seeks to criminalize the possession by the 45th President of his own Presidential and personal records.” The conservative 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, which is considering the fate of the special master, has shown deep skepticism about Trump’s arguments. In September, the court’s three-judge panel blocked two key facets of a lower court judge’s order appointing a special master to review the files seized from Mar-a-Lago: the inspection of the classified files and the injunction preventing the Department of Justice from using them in their ongoing criminal investigation. Trump appointed two of the judges behind that ruling. The Justice Department initially only sought relief as to the more than 100 documents with marked up to top secret and above, a small portion of the more than 11,000 other files. Now, the Justice Department seeks broader relief that would overturn Judge Cannon’s order in its entirety, including for the apparently unclassified files. Such an order would end the work of Senior U.S. District Judge Raymond Dearie. Trump’s attorneys argued that Dearie should be able to finish that work. “The Injunction is not sought to stop the Department of Justice’s investigation,” their legal brief states. “Rather, it implements a short pause until a neutral special master — and the District Court, if needed — reviews the seized materials to ensure the prosecution team does not receive President Trump’s privileged records or unlawfully retain his personal records. Maintaining the status quo, where the government cannot use certain records in its investigation, provides little, if any, harm. To be sure, it is within the executive branch’s purview to expeditiously investigate and prosecute criminal activity, but that obligation cannot outweigh President Trump’s right to a fair process where his privileged documents and communications remain privileged.” Former federal prosecutor Mitchell Epner, now a partner at Rottenberg Lipman Rich PC, noted that many of Trump’s arguments were considered, and rejected, by the 11th Circuit earlier. “That opinion addressed all of the issues presented here and ruled against FPOTUS on every factor,” Epner wrote, using the court’s acronym for the former president. “Outside of distinguishing the 11th Circuit’s earlier holding that the lack of outrageous conduct by the government doomed FPOTUS’s position, they address none of it.” “In fact, many of the DOJ’s positions that FPOTUS disparages as ridiculous were adopted by the 11th Circuit in its prior ruling,” he continued. The Justice Department’s reply is now due on Nov. 17. Read Trump’s legal brief here. [Image via Mario-Tama at Getty Images] Have a tip we should know? [email protected] Law&Crime’s managing editor Adam Klasfeld has spent more than a decade on the legal beat. Previously a reporter for Courthouse News, he has appeared as a guest on MSNBC, BBC, NPR, PBS, Sky News, and other networks. Have a tip or story idea? Email us. Or to keep it anonymous, click here.
Since BroadwayWorld launched Stage Mag two years ago, thousands of theaters around the world have enjoyed the convenience of creating modern, fully interactive show programs for all types of productions. With Stage Mag, you’re in control to create your very own show program, complete with traditional features like cover art, cast and creative team details, as well as cutting-edge extras that you’ll find nowhere else! Our free program builder can add photos, videos, interactive advertisements with their own ad pages, sell merchandise, collect email addresses, customize the design, and promote the show with a QR code. Just one smartphone click on a code included on lobby signs, printed slips, web site, or stream will instantly open the new interactive digital program. It’s the full-on 21st century digital mobile first program experience the theatre world has been clamoring for.
Read on to learn how to use these features that Stage Mag can provide for your production!
Build Your Program
Build your program from scratch or with a template! Working with a licensing house? BroadwayWorld is a proud partner with Playscripts, offering exclusive Digital Marketing packages. Start by adding your production’s name and uploading your keyart. Then plug in your theatre company’s social media channels with easy follow buttons for Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and more! Next fill in your production details, including any writers, directors, producers, and lead actors.
Cast Bios & Headshots
Add your cast’s and creative team’s bios with multiple layout options for your ease. Don’t feel like dealing with all of those cast emails and attachements? Have your cast self-submit their photos and bios themselves! Make your program living, breathing and interactive with cast photos, videos, and social media embeds, sharing your rehearsal process, fun behind-the-scenes moments, shout-outs from stars, and more!
Song List
Conveniently list all the musical numbers or scenes in your company’s production, including characters in each scene, creative credits, and more.
Donors & Ads
Complete your Stage Mag with easy-to-use templates to highlight donors, including photos and logos.
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Still looking to add more? Add as many custom pages as you’d like to your Stage Mag – including a page pulling in articles from BroadwayWorld all about your production! Need to put in an alert for understudies or day-of cast changes? Add a special “At This Performance” page to notify your audience. Every Stage Mag can be shared in three ways. You get a free QR code which can be printed on a lobby sign, included on a paper or embedded on a stream. You also get a link to your Stage Mag that can be shared to ticket purchasers (or publicly to help sell tickets). Lastly, each Stage Mag comes with a 5 digit ‘short code’ for easy sharing. Looking for a classic program? Print-friendly full color PDF output is available for quick and easy printing at any local printer, further supporting small businesses in theatre communities. Take a look at Stage Mags from schools across the country!
More Features!
Looking to poll your audience? You’re in luck, because BroadwayWorld has developed a quick and easy way for you to receive immediate feedback. Simply add a Quick Poll to the end of your Stage Mag and gather insight on your crowd’s theatre-going experience or pose questions about your show! Want to hear from your audience? Accept messages for the cast and crew with a guestbook in your Stage Mag. Audiences will appreciate convenient features like ‘Theater Mode’ which puts your Stage Mag into dark mode for situations where the bright screen can be a distraction, such as a dark theater, and ability to adjust font size for optimum viewing. Plus, make sure your interactive program is accessible for all audience members by turning on accessibility options to make it even easier to view! Plus, gain valuable real-time stats on number of program viewers, and ad clicks, email exports, and much more. Built for today, and to help accelerate audience growth, theatres may use the programs to cultivate social and email followings, engage more deeply, and meaningfully with customers, and market to both current and future ticket buyers. With collaboration tools built right in, Stage Mag enables productions to distribute secure links for cast members, creatives, and more to easily submit up-to-date bios, headshots, and social media links, making it the perfect tool for busy educators, volunteers, company managers, and more! To get started on your very own Stage Mag, visit stagemag.broadwayworld.com. Stay in the know about all of Stage Mag’s latest updates here. Check Out This Week’s Top Stage Mags Meet the Company of SPACE DOGS: THE MUSICAL- Now Streaming on BroadwayHD Check Out This Week’s Top Stage Mags Create Interactive Show Programs for Your School’s Fall Show With Stage Mag Most Popular
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Lea Michele Announces FUNNY GIRL Cast Recording At Tonight’s Curtain Call Video: Lea Michele Sings ‘Don’t Rain on My Parade’; Cast Recording to Be Released Tomorrow! Alex Newell and More Will Lead New Musical SHUCKED on Broadway in 2023 Review Roundup: & JULIET Brings The Music of Max Martin To Broadway BroadwayWorld TV
Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Advertisement Scientific Reportsvolume 12, Article number: 19746 (2022) Cite this article 143 Accesses 1 Altmetric Metrics details Shallow soil refers to the soil layer within the 50 cm depth. Shallow soil temperature (ST) directly or indirectly affects many processes in the soil, such as seed germination, plant growth, and water evaporation. Therefore, the study of shallow ST is of great significance in understanding the surface energy, water cycle, ecology and climate change. This work collected observational data from 141 meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 and ERA5 reanalysis data, used the “Moving Surface Spline Interpolation Algorithm Based on Green’s Function” and “Fuzzy C-means algorithm”, and analyzed the temporal and spatial change characteristics of ST at different levels. The results showed that 1) the temperature increase of 0–20 cm (the surface layer of the shallow soil) was roughly the same. The average annual ST was 9.15–9.57°, and the interdecadal variabilities were 0.49–0.53 K/10a. The average annual ST of 40 cm (the bottom layer) was 8.69°, and the interdecadal variability reached 0.98 K/10a. 2) Considering the 7 regions, the warming trend was obvious, and there were certain regional differences. The average annual ST in different regions ranged from 5.2 (northeastern Plateau) to 17.1 °C (western Sichuan Plateau), with a difference of nearly 12 K. The standard deviation ranged from 0.40 (western Sichuan Plateau) to 0.61 K (Qiangtang Plateau), with a difference of 0.21 K. 3) The errors of the obtained grid data were basically less than 3%, which were much smaller than the errors obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis data. This work is significant for understanding the characteristics of ST evolution and land‒atmosphere interactions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provides important data support for improving the underlying surface boundary conditions of models. Global temperature has increased rapidly in recent decades. Climate change, as a hot issue discussed in today’s society, has attracted much attention. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) pointed out that from 1980 to 2012, which may have been the warmest 30 years in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 1400 years, multiple global land and ocean reanalysis datasets show an average global warming of 0.85 °C [0.65 °C to 1.06 °C] from 1880 to 20121,2. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is located in the most active region of global climate change and is the initiator and regulator of climate change in the Northern Hemisphere3,4. Many studies have shown that the QTP is one of the most sensitive regions to global climate change, with characteristics of sensitivity, advancement and regulation5,6. Climate change on the plateau not only directly drives climate change in eastern and southwestern China but also affects East Asia, the Northern Hemisphere, and even the whole world7. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in western China and includes Tibet, Qinghai, southern Xinjiang, western Sichuan, southern Gansu, and northwestern Yunnan. The QTP spans more than 2500 km from east to west and is approximately 1000 km from north to south. The total area is nearly (2.5 times 10^{6} {text{km}}^{2}), accounting for approximately one-fourth of China’s total area. It has an average elevation of 4000 m, which accounts for almost one-third of the thickness of the troposphere. The QTP, often referred to as the Roof of the World or Third Pole, is known for its complex terrain and high altitude8. The QTP plays an important role in climate change and land‒atmosphere interactions9,10,11, and its climate and ecological environment are jointly affected by westerly winds and Asian monsoons. In turn, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has also affected regional and global climate change12. For example, the snow cover in winter and spring on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a profound impact on temperature and precipitation in China and even in Asia13,14. Changes in summer heat sources on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have a key impact on the evolution of the Asian monsoon15,16,17. However, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as a giant tectonic landform with the highest altitude in the world, has a unique natural environment as well as spatial distribution, and is restricted by atmospheric circulation and plateau topography, thus forming unique hydrothermal conditions18. The fundamental driving force of atmospheric motion is solar radiation, which then heats the atmosphere through the underlying surface. Therefore, changes in the thermal properties of the underlying surface govern the formation and changes in atmospheric circulation. As an important part of the underlying surface of the land, soil is the lower boundary of material and energy exchange in the earth-atmosphere system19. Soil temperature (ST) is one of the important parameters used to characterize the thermal properties of soil, and it plays an important role in the research of many related fields20. In terms of the energy cycle, soil temperature affects climate change by affecting changes in surface energy. Therefore, the diagnosis and prediction of ST are important scientific and technical issues in land-surface process models, numerical weather prediction and short-term climate prediction21. In terms of the water cycle, ST greatly affects the processes of sensible heat, latent heat and surface evapotranspiration. Changes in ST can further affect the temperature and precipitation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and East Asia through the exchange of water between the atmosphere and the surface22,23. In agricultural research, soil temperature is a driving environmental factor that affects crop growth, fertilizer decomposition and organic matter accumulation24,25. Considering meteorological research, the change in ST is a reliable indicator reflecting climate change. For example, the increase in ST in permafrost regions is an important indicator of permafrost degradation26,27,28. The shallow ST is also one of the key factors of precipitation. Because the heat in the shallow soil can be easily released into the atmosphere, the abnormality of the shallow ST will affect the short-term weather process29. Because of the importance of ST, many scholars have done much work. Tang et al.30 conducted a series of studies on the relationship between ST and precipitation and found a good corresponding relationship between ST and later precipitation, and the ST at different levels had different continuity. The work of Qin et al.31 showed that the increasing trend of shallow ST in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in spring and summer was greater than that of deep soil; the temperature increase rate of shallow soil in autumn and winter was significantly lower than that of deep soil; the significant positive growth trend of the annual average ST indicated that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has responded to climate warming in the past few decades, and it is also regarded as one of the important indicators of permafrost degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Studies have shown that ST is one of the key factors affecting soil respiration in ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, and farmland32,33,34. The sensitivity of the soil respiration rate to changes in ST is also an important link in the carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems35. Considering the different effects of ST on climate and ecology, scholars have also conducted regional analyses of ST. Due to the synergy of many factors, such as solar radiation, atmospheric circulation, and precipitation, there is a complex energy exchange between the soil and atmosphere. This forms periodic diurnal and seasonal changes in soil temperature and forms different regional characteristics of soil temperature36. Gao et al.37 used fuzzy C-means clustering to classify ST at 1.6 m in China into four categories: the cold region ((overline{T}_{1.6} le 9;^circ {text{C}})), including Northeast China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; the subcold region ((9;^circ {text{C}} le overline{T}_{1.6} le 15{ };^circ {text{C}})), mainly including Northwest China; the subwarm region ((15;^circ {text{C}} le overline{T}_{1.6} le 18;^circ {text{C}})), including the Huaihe Basin area; and the warm region ((overline{T}_{1.6} ge 18;^circ {text{C}})), including southern China. Zhou et al.38 used the fuzzy C-means clustering method to classify ST at 3.2 m depth from 113 sites in China and divided them into 10 regions. The research showed that there were obvious regional differences in the increasing rate of the 3.2 m ST. Northeast and Northwest China had the largest temperature increases, approximately 0.57 K∕10a, and the other regions were all below 0.36 K∕10a. As one of the most sensitive areas of global climate change, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an indispensable part of understanding the degradation of frozen soil, the ecological environment and climate change. Research39 has shown that due to the increase in soil temperature in the past 30 years, the permafrost layer with a temperature higher than − 2 °C has rapidly degraded, and in some places (such as the North Jingxian Valley), the permafrost layer has become even thinner by 5 m within 15 years. Because of the importance of soil temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to the study of atmospheric circulation40,41,42,43, hydrology44,45, and permafrost31, it is necessary to accurately describe the characteristics of soil temperature. To date, most studies on ST in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are been based on model results or reanalysis data from different sources. However, due to the harsh environmental conditions and the complex topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the model parameters of the QTP are not sufficiently accurate. The soil temperature data obtained from the model have limitations and uncertainties46,47. The reanalysis data from different sources, because of the use of different assimilation systems, are also different from each other, and there is a relatively large error with the observations. For example, research31 has shown that the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), the second version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System (CFSv2), and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2), all have significant cold bias. The reason for this kind of cold bias may be that the surface models used in the reanalysis products were not originally developed for high latitudes and complex terrain regions. Therefore, these models do not adequately describe the unique hydrothermal conditions of the underlying surface of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represented by permafrost regions48,49,50. In terms of the use of observational data, most studies have focused on the time-varying characteristics of some observation sites. For example, Wan et al.51 analyzed the air temperature and soil temperature data of six observation stations along the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and found that the soil temperature increase trend in winter was significantly greater than that in summer, and the daily minimum soil temperature increase rate was greater than the daily maximum soil temperature. Soil temperature showed a clear response to climate warming, but the response varied significantly with depth and location. Zhao et al.6 used the soil temperature observation data from 74 sites from 1977 to 2006 to study the soil thermal conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results showed that the absolute value of the 5 cm soil negative accumulated temperature had a decreasing trend, and the decrease range was different in different regions. In view of the fact that most of the reanalysis data have cold biases and most of the observational data are located in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with fewer stations in the western part6, this work was based on the observation data from 141 stations on the QTP, using the “Moving Surface Spline Interpolation Algorithm Based on Green’s Function” to interpolate the data of the observation site and develop a set of grid data. It has a long time span (1981–2020) and a relatively high spatial resolution ((0.25^circ times 0.25^circ)) and verifies the accuracy of this set of grid data (the errors in most regions do not exceed 3%). This work used these grid data to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil temperature in different layers of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and divided the shallow soil temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into 7 regions. This work is significant for understanding the characteristics of ST evolution and land‒atmosphere interactions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provides important data support for improving the underlying surface boundary conditions of land-surface process models. The observational data in this work were the daily ST of 141 stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from January 1, 1981, to December 31, 2020, by the National Climate Centre. The dataset has nine soil layers with depths of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 cm. In the northwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, there are fewer ST observation sites. This work analyzed the soil temperature at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 40 cm, that is, the shallow soil temperature. Considering the unique geographical conditions and underlying surface types of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the altitude, underlying surface types and observation sites of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The altitude of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (Software: ArcGIS 10.5, https://www.arcgis.com/index.html). The underlying surface types and observation sites of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (The data source of the land cover map comes from Ran et al.52, Software: ArcGIS 10.5, https://www.arcgis.com/index.html). Reanalysis data are widely used for documenting and interpreting persistent changes within the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau53. Different reanalysis data differ in various aspects, such as numerical prediction models, assimilation schemes, and data sources54. You et al.55 showed that the temperature provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was better than that from the NCEP. ECMWF produced the ERA5 reanalysis data in September 2019, which has higher spatial and temporal resolution, improved surface parameterization and cloud precipitation models, and added more historical observation data to the assimilation system54. In particular, satellite data are used to assimilate systems and model systems56. The ST data we used were in the second layer ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1979 to the present (copernicus.eu). The ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) has a four-layer representation of soil, where the surface is at 0 cm: Layer 1: 0–7 cm, Layer 2: 7–28 cm, Layer 3: 28–100 cm, and Layer 4: 100–289 cm. The second layer was chosen in this study, ST was actually set in the middle of each layer, and the second layer was 18.5 cm. Since the temporal and spatial changes in the ST at different layers of shallow soil have high similarity57, this study compared the errors between the second layer (18.5 cm) of the reanalysis data and the observation data at the nearest layer (20 cm). In this paper, the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM) was used to classify the annual average soil temperature of 141 ST observation sites at 20 cm on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020. Clustering is a method that divides a collection of abstract objects into different classes or clusters according to a certain standard (such as distance criterion, that is, the distance between different data), so that the similarity of data objects in the same cluster and the difference between different clusters is as great as possible58. The main idea of the FCM is to divide a number of L-dimensional vectors into C fuzzy groups, determine the degree of membership of each category by distance, and continuously update the membership degree as well as the clustering center of image pixels to minimize the objective function and complete pixel classification and image segmentation59. The pixel membership degree is used to describe the degree to which the pixel belongs to a certain category, and the value range is [0,1]. The objective function and restriction of the FCM algorithm are as follows: where (u_{ij} = u_{j} left( {x_{j} } right)) represents the degree to which pixel gray (x_{j}) belongs to category (i); (m) is the fuzzy weighting coefficient, often taken as 2; (v_{i} = left{ {v_{1} , ldots ,v_{c} } right}) represents the (i – th) cluster centers; and (d_{ij} left( {x_{j} ,v_{i} } right) = ||x_{j} – v_{i} ||^{2}) represents the shortest distance from the gray level of the (j – th) pixel to the (i – th) cluster center. Using the Lagrangian multiplier method to find the minimum value of the objective function, The standard FCM algorithm is superior in simple image segmentation. In recent years, FCM has been widely used in research fields such as climate region division, pattern recognition, data analysis and image processing, showing that FCM can clearly represent the continuous spatial distribution of natural phenomena60. The change in ST is synergistically affected by many factors, so it can show the characteristics of trend change. The Mann–Kendall (M–K)61,62 test is not affected by the sample value, distribution type, etc., and further analyzes the change of variables by deeply mining the hidden information within the time series. Therefore, it is widely used in the research of time analysis of natural variables. MK mutation analysis is a nonparametric statistical test method that is not only easy to calculate but can also identify the time when the mutation starts and point out the region of the mutation time period. Given the time series variables (left( {X_{1} ,X_{2} , ldots ,X_{n} } right)), where (n) is the length of (X), the rank of the series is defined as follows: where (r_{i}) can be expressed as follows: It can be seen that (s_{k}) is the accumulation of the number of values at the (i – th) time greater than the ({ }j – th) time. Under the assumption of random independence of the time series, define the statistics: where (UF_{1} = 0), (Eleft( {s_{k} } right)) and (Varleft( {s_{k} } right)) are the mean and variance of the accumulated number (s_{k}). When (X_{1} ,X_{2} , ldots ,X_{n}) are independent of each other and have the same continuous distribution, then, where (UF_{k}) is a standard normal distribution, which is a series of statistics calculated in the order of time series (X_{1} ,X_{2} , ldots ,X_{n}). Given significance level ({upalpha }), if (left| {UF_{k} } right| > U_{alpha }), the series has obvious trend changes. The time series is generated into its corresponding inverse sequence (X_{n} ,X_{n – 1} , ldots ,X_{1}), and the above calculation process is repeated. Meanwhile, (UB_{k} = – UF_{k}), ({text{k}} = {text{n}},{text{n}} – 1, ldots ,1,{ }UB_{1} = 0). To summarize the brief computational steps for Mann–Kendall (M–K) mutation analysis: Calculate the rank column of the sequential time series, and calculate (UF_{k}) according to the rank; Calculate the rank column of the reverse time series, and calculate (UB_{k}) according to the rank; Given a significance level, such as ({upalpha } = 0.05), for the critical value (U_{0.05} = pm 1.96), if (UF) or (UB) is greater than 0, it indicates that the sequence is in an upward trend; otherwise, it is in a downward trend. If it exceeds the critical value, the upward or downward trend is significant; if there is an intersection between (UF) and (UB), and the intersection is between the critical lines, the intersection is the moment when the mutation begins. The data of 141 ST observation stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were interpolated by the moving surface spline interpolation algorithm based on Green’s function. Compared with Shepard (IDW interpolation), bivariate cubic polynomial fitting, local neighborhood kriging, ordinary kriging, moving surface spline interpolation, etc., this method has higher accuracy and better continuity when dealing with complex terrain and different underlying surface conditions63. The solution of Green’s function implies that the surface (sleft( x right)) can be expressed as follows: where (x) is the output position vector of the unknown data point, (gleft( {x,x_{j} } right)) is Green’s function, (x_{j}) is the j-th data constraint, and (w_{j}) is the associated unknown weight relative to (x). (Tleft( x right)) is the trend function64. The weight (w_{j}) is determined by requiring Eq. (8) to be accurately satisfied in n data positions: The steps of the moving surface spline interpolation algorithm based on Green’s function are as follows: Part (1). Assuming a surface has a total of n known points, the desired output node is (p_{0}). The number of points nearest to (p_{0}) used for interpolation is k. The distance from point (p_{0}) to other known points should be calculated first as follows: where (r_{0i}) is the distance between point (p_{0}) and the (i – th) known data point,(x_{0}) is the position vector of (p_{0}), and (x_{i}) is the position vector of the (i – th) known data point. Part (2). Setting the coordinate matrix (X = left[ {x_{1} x_{2} ldots x_{k} } right]^{T}), (Y = left[ {y_{1} y_{2} ldots y_{k} } right]^{T}), attribute matrix (Z = left[ {z_{1} z_{2} ldots z_{k} } right]^{T}), (k times k) Green’s function matrix (G) is as follows: where (r_{ij} = sqrt {left( {x_{i} – x_{j} } right)^{2} + left( {y_{i} – y_{j} } right)^{2} }). The weight matrix W can be calculated as follows: Part (3). Computing 1 × k Green’s function matrix (G_{p}) of point (p_{0}): where (d_{01} ,d_{02} , cdots ,d_{0k}) are calculated by Eq. (13). The attribute value of point (p_{0}) is as follows: Part (4). Repeat Parts (1)–(3) to calculate the interpolation (z_{pi}) of other points (p_{i}). Interpolation error (e_{{z_{p} }}) is related to the interpolation result (p) and attribute value of the known points. Interpolation error (e_{{z_{p} }}) is defined as follows: where (hat{z}_{p}) is the true attribute value of point (p) and (z_{p}) is the interpolation value. However, Eq. (17) has only theoretical meaning because (hat{z}_{p}) cannot be obtained. Therefore, (e_{{z_{p} }}) should be calculated by other methods. From Eq. (16), the derivation of (z_{p}) is as follows: From Eq. (14), the derivation of (W) is as follows: Combining Eqs. (18) with (19), According to the error propagation law, where (m_{z}) is the mean square error of the attribute value (Z). In practical applications, matrix (G) is a fixed constant matrix and relates only to the location of known points. For output point (p_{0} left( {x_{0} ,y_{0} } right)), the elements of matrix (G_{p}) are calculated from the distances between point (p_{0}) and other points63. Figure 3 shows the spatial distribution of the annual average ST in the shallow layer of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 (0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and 40 cm). It can be seen from the figure that the shallow ST of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a gradual increasing trend from north to south, but there is a relatively high ST area in Golmud, Qinghai, with an average of 5–10 °C. In the vast areas of the Northern Qiangtang Plateau and the Southern Qiangtang Plateau, the shallow ST is basically below 5 °C. The soil temperature in southeastern Tibet and the western Sichuan Plateau is high, reaching above 20 °C. Spatial distribution of annual average ST in the shallow layer of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 (unit: °C, Software: MATLAB 2014, https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/matlab.html). Figures 4 and 5 show the interannual variation in ST anomalies in the shallow layer (0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and 40 cm) of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their MK tests. From 1981 to 2020, the ST at the six levels showed a significant upward trend, but the rising amplitudes of each level were quite different. From the MK tests in Fig. 5, it can be seen that 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, and 20 cm had insignificant mutation points near 2008. In addition, 40 cm and 0 cm had mutations near 2002. Table 1 shows the statistical information of the annual and seasonal temperatures of the shallow soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, including the average, standard deviation, and interdecadal variability. On an annual scale, the average annual ST of 0–20 cm was 9.15–9.57 °C, and that of 40 cm was 8.69 °C. The interdecadal variability of 0–20 cm was 0.49–0.53 K/10a, and the interdecadal variability of 40 cm reached 0.98 K/10a, which was much higher than that of the other levels. From the seasonal perspective, the interdecadal variability in ST in winter and spring was relatively high, with 40 cm even reaching more than 1 K/10a. In addition, the 40 cm interannual and seasonal ST standard deviations (1.13–1.44 K) were much larger than those of the other layers (σ < 1 K), indicating that the ST at 40 cm varied more greatly. This result was reflected in the mutation point in 2002–2006 of Fig. 4(e1) and in 2002 of Fig. 5(e). The analysis shows that the temperature of the shallow soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has had a clear increasing trend. The temperature increase of 0–20 cm (the surface layer of shallow soil) was roughly the same, which was quite different from that of 40 cm (the bottom layer of shallow soil). Interannual variation in shallow ST anomalies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (unit: K, ({upalpha } = 0.01)). MK analysis of shallow ST on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (UF) and (UB) are the statistics of the MK analysis. Figure 6 shows the interdecadal distribution of ST in shallow layers (0 cm, 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, and 40 cm) of the 141 observation sites on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020. The results are significant at the 99% (({upalpha } = 0.01)) confidence level. As shown in the figure, the interdecadal variabilities of 5–20 cm (the surface layer of the shallow soil) are basically the same. In central Tibet and the southern and southwestern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the ST had a significant cooling trend, and the interdecadal variabilities were as low as − 1 K/10a. Li et al.65 pointed out that since the beginning of the twenty-first century, in the central and southwestern regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the surface heat source has been decreasing with a trend of (- 0.2{text{ W}}m^{ – 2} decadal^{ – 1}). Li et al.66 found that since 2006, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has generally maintained a warming trend, but some regions, especially the central and southern parts of the plateau, have experienced slower or even “stagnant” trends. These may be partly responsible for the ST cooling trend in the central, southern and southwestern regions of the Tibetan Plateau. In the northwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the ST is obviously warming. Compared with the other layers, 40 cm (the bottom layer of shallow soil) is quite different. Overall, the temperature increase trend at 40 cm was more obvious than that of the other layers. The cooling trend still exists in central Tibet; the warming trend in the northwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has slightly weakened; the cooling trend of the ST in southwestern Tibet has turned into a warming trend; and the Qaidam Plateau has a significant warming trend. The surface of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a warming trend, but the temperature change does not have obvious regional differentiation, similar to the other levels. Distribution of interdecadal variability in ST in shallow soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 (unit: K/10 a, ({upalpha } = 0.01), Software: MATLAB 2014, https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/matlab.html). The ST at 20 cm was chosen as the research object because 1) 20 cm was basically the same as 5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm, and 20 cm was the boundary layer between the shallow soil surface and the shallow soil bottom layer67; 2) compared with 40 cm, the ST at 20 cm was greatly affected by climate factors such as temperature and precipitation but was less affected by geothermal conditions and had a more obvious response to climate change; and 3) the 20 cm ST directly affects the growth and distribution of soil organisms68. Therefore, 20 cm is very representative as the boundary between the shallow soil surface layer and the shallow soil bottom layer. Figure 7 shows the 20 cm ST division of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau using the fuzzy C-means algorithm (FCM). In the process of FCM clustering, choosing the appropriate fuzzy index (m) and the number of categories (C) is the most critical. According to the research of Liu et al.69, the expected clustering effect can be achieved when (m = 2). The choice of category number C is related to the change in entropy ((delta H), (H_{c} – H_{c + 1})) and the change in the distribution coefficient ((delta F), (F_{c} – F_{c + 1})). When the change in the distribution coefficient is the smallest and the change in entropy is the largest, C is determined. Using FCM, based on 20 cm ST at 141 sites on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 7 regions were clustered. The classification results are shown in Fig. 8, and the environmental parameters of the cluster centers are shown in Table 2. When m = 2.0, the entropy and distribution coefficient change with the number of categories ((C)). The 20 cm ST division of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (7 regions). The points are divided into four categories, from small to large: < 6 °C (cold region), 6–11 °C (subcold region), 11–16 °C (subwarm region), > 16 °C (warm region) (Software: MATLAB 2014, https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/matlab.html). The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was divided into 7 regions according to the characteristics of the 20 cm ST, namely, the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, southern Tibet, the Xining Plateau, the Qiangtang Plateau, the western Sichuan Plateau, the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the vast Central Plateau. Lin et al.70 pointed out that the northeastern Loess Plateau is a sub-Arctic semihumid climate zone, with an average altitude of approximately 4000–4600 m, fewer than 50 days with a temperature ≥ 10 °C, and an average temperature of 8–10 °C in the warmest month. In Table 2, the average temperature of the 20 cm soil was the lowest, which was 5.2 °C; southern Tibet is a temperate and semiarid climate zone, and a large area is a wide river valley. The middle and upper reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River are located in this region, with an average altitude of 3500–4500 m. The number of days when the temperature is ≥ 10 °C ranges from 50 to 150 days. The average temperature of the warmest month is 10–15 °C, while the average temperature of the 20 cm soil is relatively slightly higher, at 10.9 °C; the Xining Plateau is a temperate and semiarid climate zone, located in the eastern part of Qinghai Province, with complex terrain. The altitude of the valley area is below 2200 m, the average altitude is 2700–3300 m, the number of days with temperature ≥ 10 °C ranges from 50 to 150 days, and the average temperature of the warmest month is 11–13 °C. The average ST of 20 cm is 8.9 °C. The Qiangtang Plateau is a frigid semiarid climate zone with gentle terrain fluctuations; the average altitude is 4300–5100 m, there are fewer than 50 days with a temperature ≥ 10 °C, and it has an average temperature of 8–10 °C in the warmest month. The average ST of 20 cm is 7.6 °C; the western Sichuan Plateau is a temperate humid climate zone located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The terrain fluctuates greatly, and the average altitude is 1500–3400 m. The number of days when the temperature is ≥ 10 °C ranges from 120 to 180 days. The average ST of 20 cm was the highest, which reached 17.1 °C. The eastern Tibetan Plateau is a temperate semihumid climate zone, with an altitude of approximately 2700–4000 m; additionally, there are approximately 50 days when the temperature is ≥ 10 °C, the average temperature of the warmest month is 13–16 °C, and the average 20 cm ST is 11.6 °C. The central Tibetan Plateau is a vast area, including most of Tibet and Xinjiang, with an average altitude of 4500–4800 m, fewer than 50 days with a temperature ≥ 10 °C, an average temperature of the warmest month of 6–10 °C, and an average of the 20 cm ST that is low, at 6 °C. Figure 9 shows the interannual variation in the 20 cm ST anomaly in 7 regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. According to Fig. 9 and Table 2, from 1981 to 2020, the ST at 20 cm in the 7 regions showed an obvious increasing trend, but the increase in each region was quite different. Linear fitting of the ST for each region showed that the interdecadal variability of region 1 was 0.46 K/10a, that of region 2 was 0.38 K/10a, that of region 3 was 0.33 K/10a, that of region 4 was 0.61 K/10a, that of region 5 was 0.25 K/10a, that of region 6 was 0.24 K/10a, and that of region 7 was 0.35 K/10a. The correlation coefficients with the months were 0.61, 0.51, 0.48, 0.64, 0.38, 0.38, and 0.59, all of which passed the confidence level t test with α = 0.001. The average values of different regions ranged from 5.2 (region 1, northeastern Plateau) to 18.1 °C (region 5, western Sichuan Plateau), and the average difference was nearly 12 K. The standard deviation of different regions ranged from 0.40 (region 5, western Sichuan Plateau) to 0.61 K (region 4, Qiangtang Plateau). Because the western Sichuan Plateau is located in a humid climate area, the shallow ST changed little, while the Qiangtang Plateau is located in an arid climate area, and the seasonal temperature difference is larger, so the shallow ST changed greatly, which was consistent with the obtained results. The results above indicate that the 20-cm ST increasing trend of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was obvious, and there were significant regional differences. Interannual variation in the 20-cm ST anomalies in 7 regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (unit: K, ({upalpha } = 0.01)). Figure 10 shows the spatial distribution of the 20 cm ST anomalies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020. The figure shows that since 1981–2000, most areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have been in the cold stage, and the northwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a strong and obvious center of negative ST in 20 cm, especially from 1991 to 1995. This negative anomaly center lasted for nearly 20 years. Spatial distribution of the 20 cm ST anomalies in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 (average per five years, unit: K, Software: MATLAB 2014, https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/matlab.html). In addition, from 1981 to 2000, there were four strong centers of positive anomalies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, namely, the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the central-eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the southwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among them, the positive anomaly of the southwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was strong in some years (such as 1981–1985 and 1986–1990), reaching above 2 K. In most years from 1981 to 2000, the positive anomaly of the 20 cm ST in the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was strong, with a value greater than 2.5 K (1991–1995). From 1981 to 2000, there was a positive anomaly center of approximately 1 K in central Tibet. From 2001 to 2005, the positive anomaly center in southwestern Tibet disappeared, while the positive anomaly center in southern Tibet remained strong. In addition, the strong positive anomaly center in the central part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau disappeared in 2001–2005 after persisting for 20 years (1981–2000). Based on the interannual variation in the 20 cm ST anomaly in Fig. 4(d1), the 20 cm ST anomaly across the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau changed from a negative value to a positive value since 2006. Figure 10 also shows that since 2006, the negative ST anomaly of 20 cm in most parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has begun to rise. Except for the scattered negative anomaly centers, soil temperature anomalies in most parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have changed between − 1 K and 1 K. It is worth noting that since 1981, the vast northwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is no longer a strong negative anomaly center that lasted for nearly 20 years. The above analysis shows that the ST of 20 cm in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has had significant temporal and spatial changes. From 1981 to 2000, most areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were in the cold stage; in particular, the northwestern region had a strong negative soil temperature anomaly. Since 2006, the 20 cm ST anomaly has changed from a negative value to a positive value. From the perspective of spatial distribution, there was a strong negative ST anomaly center in the northwestern region from 1981 to 2000. Four positive anomalous centers generally exist in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, namely, the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the central-eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the southwestern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Soil is an important component of the Earth’s ecosystem71. Shallow soil refers to the soil layer within 50 cm underground. Shallow soil is also the main layer of life activities of animals, plants and microorganisms. The thermal properties of soil are key variables for the growth and decomposition of aboveground and belowground biomass72,73,74,75. Changes in soil thermal properties can alter soil enzyme activity, plant productivity, nitrogen uptake and the living conditions of soil microorganisms76,77. As one of the most important thermal properties of soil, soil temperature (ST) not only affects the chemical and biological processes of carbon and nitrogen in soil but also determines the quality of soil resources78,79. Shallow ST and its temporal and spatial changes directly or indirectly affect many processes occurring in soil, such as seed germination, root elongation, evaporation, storage and movement activities of microorganisms, nutrient cycling and many other dynamic soil processes80,81,82. Therefore, the analysis of shallow ST is very meaningful in the study of local ecological conditions and environmental characteristics. Currently, most studies on shallow ST on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are based on model results or reanalysis data from different sources. However, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has many deficiencies in the simulation and reanalysis results due to its complex geographical features and underlying surface conditions46,47. There are also many difficulties in the collection of observational data due to the harsh geographical environment. This work collected shallow ST observation data from 1981 to 2020 from most counties and districts on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The data are relatively complete and abundant, and the time span is also long. The “moving surface spline interpolation algorithm based on Green’s function” was used to obtain grid data based on observational data with a spatial resolution of (0.25^circ times 0.25^circ). As shown in Fig. 11, the errors of the interpolation data in most regions were concentrated around (pm 0.25) K, the errors in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached − 0.5 K, and in some parts of the central plateau, the errors reached 0.3 K. In most regions, the errors of this interpolation method were less than 3%. It is worth noting that although the observation sites in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are denser, there are a large number of hot springs in the southeastern plateau, especially in the western Sichuan Plateau. Jiang et al.83 showed that the exothermic effect of hot springs has a very significant contribution to the air temperature and shallow soil temperature on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The interpolation method we used has a good effect on the special topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but it does not take into account the effects of other heat sources, such as the hot springs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, resulting in a cold bias of 0.5 K within the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Eliminating the effect of other heat sources is also one of our next goals for improving this interpolation method. Errors of the “moving surface spline interpolation algorithm based on Green’s function” (annual average of 1981–2020, unit: K, Software: MATLAB 2014, https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/matlab.html). Figure 12 shows the error spatial distribution of the ERA5 reanalysis data. It can be seen from the figure that the reanalysis data are generally smaller than the observation data. In most parts of the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the western part of the plateau, and the eastern part of the plateau, the errors reached − 1.5 K and even below − 2 K in some regions. Considering that grid data represented by reanalysis data are often used in many models, this work used ERA5 reanalysis data with a higher resolution and a longer time span and compared it with the interpolation results of soil temperature observations. The results showed that the cold bias in the central and western regions of the ERA5 reanalysis data was more significant. Chen et al.84 showed that the surface albedo-induced bias, surface cloud radiative forcing, clear-sky shortwave radiation, clear-sky downward longwave radiation, surface sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and heat storage could cause the cold bias of the 2 m air temperatures as well as the surface temperature. This kind of cold bias was more significant in the western part of the plateau than in the east. This result was consistent with the shallow soil temperature results obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis data. It was also seen that the grid data obtained by using the ”moving surface spline interpolation algorithm based on Green’s function” were more credible when reflecting the shallow soil temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and more accurate when describing the thermal properties and thermal conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The grid data obtained by using this method can help us understand the energy exchange in the earth-atmosphere system and improve land surface process models. Errors of the ERA5 reanalysis data (annual average of 1981–2020, unit: K, Software: MATLAB 2014, https://ww2.mathworks.cn/products/matlab.html). Additionally, some studies85,86,87,88,89 have shown that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is warming and wetting, with the annual average temperature rising significantly at a rate of 0.35–0.45 K/10a, and the closer the study period is, the more significant the warming trend is. In winter, the temperature increase is more obvious. The temperature increase in the northeastern part of the plateau is particularly significant, and the temperature increase rate can reach 0.49–0.56 K/10a. In our study, from 1981 to 2020, the soil temperature at 0–20 cm in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau increased rapidly at a rate of 0.49–0.53 K/10a, and the soil temperature of the deeper 40 cm increased at a rate of 0.98 K/10a. The soil temperature increase in winter was also more obvious, indicating that the shallow soil temperature had a greater increase than the air temperature. In terms of the 20 cm soil temperature subregions, the 7 regions from north to south showed the characteristics of a gentle temperature increase in the south and a rapid temperature increase in the north, which was basically the same as the trend of air temperature increase. Shallow soil is important in land‒atmosphere interactions. The mass and energy exchange between land and atmosphere is realized through the shallow soil. The understanding of the physical and chemical properties of shallow soil directly determines our understanding of land‒atmosphere interactions. Variations in shallow soil temperature are often influenced by changes in atmospheric conditions, and in turn, the continued development of shallow soil temperature anomalies can also affect the atmosphere. For example, Tang et al.30 pointed out that winter ST anomalies will affect precipitation in the following spring; moreover, Mahanama et al.90 pointed out that late spring ST has a good correlation with summer precipitation. To further reveal the influence of shallow soil temperature on air temperature and precipitation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the following work will further analyze the evolution as well as the abnormal signals of shallow soil temperature in the seven regions. This research helps reveal the mechanism of changes in the shallow soil temperature of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on air temperature and precipitation in China, with a view to contributing to the prediction of air temperature and precipitation in China. Based on observational data and ERA5 reanalysis data, this work studied the abnormal conditions of the shallow ST of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1981 to 2020 and further analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of the 20 cm ST to draw the following conclusions: From the perspective of spatial distribution, the shallow ST of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had a trend of increasing from north to south, but Golmud and Qinghai had a higher ST area. In the vast northern and southern parts of the Qiangtang Plateau, the shallow ST was basically below 5 °C. From the perspective of temporal change, the temperature of the shallow soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had a clear increasing trend. The temperature increase of 0–20 cm (the surface layer of shallow soil) was roughly the same, which was quite different from that of 40 cm (the bottom layer of shallow soil). The 20 cm ST on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau gradually decreased from south to north and from east to west. The average ST in the western Sichuan Plateau, located in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was the highest, with (T_{{20{text{cm}}}} = 18.1;^circ {text{C}}). The temperature in the central and northern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was the lowest, with (T_{{20{text{cm}}}} = 4.9;^circ {text{C}}). Considering the 7 regions of the 20 cm ST, the warming trend was obvious, and there were certain regional differences. The average annual ST in different regions ranged from 5.2 (northeastern Plateau) to 17.1 °C (western Sichuan Plateau), with a difference of nearly 12 K; the standard deviation ranged from 0.40 (western Sichuan Plateau) to 0.61 K (Qiangtang Plateau), with a difference of 0.21 K. Using the “moving surface spline interpolation algorithm based on Green’s function” to interpolate the observation site data, the errors of the obtained grid data were basically less than 3%, and these values were much smaller than the errors obtained from the ERA5 reanalysis data. This result shows that our interpolation data can better reflect the soil thermal conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This work is significant for understanding the characteristics of ST evolution and land‒atmosphere interactions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provides important data support for improving the underlying surface boundary conditions of models. The observational data used and analyzed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. 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Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China Yujie Li, Zhenchao Li, Liwei Yang, Xiao Jin & Xiaoqing Gao University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China Yujie Li & Liwei Yang China Meteorological Administration, National Climate Center, Beijing, China Cunjie Zhang You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar Y.L.: Prepared figures, analyzed the data, drafted the manuscript; C.Z.: Provided the data; Z.L. and L.Y.: Reviewed and edited the paper; X.J.: Contributed methodology and software; X.G.: Designed the research. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Correspondence to Xiaoqing Gao. The authors declare no competing interests. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. 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Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript. Advertisement Communications Earth & Environmentvolume 3, Article number: 276 (2022) Cite this article 227 Accesses 1 Altmetric Metrics details China has witnessed a construction boom and thus an enormous amount of cement use in the past decades. At the same time, cement manufacturing technology has been upgraded rapidly. Here, based on national- and provincial-level data, we adopt regression models, life cycle assessment, and scenario analyses to present the evolution and environmental impacts of cement manufacturing technologies from 1996 to 2021. We find that novel suspension preheater rotary kilns account for approximately 99% of cement production in China in 2021. Climate change and fossil depletion are identified as the key environmental burdens of cement manufacturing, whereas the reduction in particulate matter emissions appears to be the most prominent benefit of the new technology. By 2021, technology upgrades had led to a mitigation of pollution from cement manufacturing by 25% to 53%. Our findings can help inform credible pathways towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly cement industry. Globally, ~40% of global final energy use and energy- and process-related greenhouse gas emissions are caused by buildings and construction activities in which cement is an essential ingredient1,2. With the rapid growth in urbanization and modernization, the consumption and production of cement in building construction have increased remarkably. Since 1985, China has become the largest producer of cement and consumed more cement in 3 years (i.e., from 2010 to 2012) than the U.S. consumed in the entire 20th century3,4. In 2018, China’s cement production accounted for ~56% of global cement production5. Owing to rapid advances in cement manufacturing technology (CMT), China has utilized three major cement kilns in recent decades6, including shaft kilns, other rotary kilns (e.g., wet-process rotary kilns, dry hollow kilns, vertical preheater kilns7), and new suspension preheater (NSP) rotary kilns. Before 2000, shaft kilns were the dominant CMT due to the high cost of imported equipment (i.e., NSP rotary kilns)8. The market share of NSP rotary kilns, the most advanced technology with large-scale production capacity and stable product quality9, was very limited during this period, far less than the market share of shaft kilns6,10. However, with the booming economy, NSP rotary kilns started to gain popularity in the cement manufacturing market after 2000 and became dominant after 201011,12. This enormous amount of cement production and consumption in China has been accompanied by significant environmental impacts, such as carbon dioxide (CO2)13, nitrogen oxide (NOx)9,14, and heavy metals15,16. The cement manufacturing process mainly includes four steps: resource extraction, raw material preparation, clinker calcination, cement grinding17,18, and fossil fuel burning19. These manufacturing stages not only deplete energy and natural resources but also release dust, noise, and contaminants to the environment, causing serious damage to natural surroundings and human health20,21. Although various studies have analyzed the environmental burden of cement manufacturing, a few limitations remain. First, the pathway of CMT transformation and the corresponding change in environmental impact in China have not been revealed22,23,24,25. Second, recent studies found that in addition to climate change (CC), cement production has other severe impacts, such as fossil depletion (FD) and photochemical ozone formation (POF)26,27,28,29. More comprehensive analysis is necessary to identify key environmental impacts for further mitigation actions. Third, there are variations among provinces in the distribution of CMT3, whereas a limited number of scholars have studied the CMT evolution or estimated the environmental impacts of cement production in China at the provincial level30, and such research is necessary to reveal local impacts, especially those of pollutants on soil and water (e.g., terrestrial acidification and terrestrial ecotoxicity). Finally, many measures have been taken by the Chinese central government to promote a sustainable and coordinated cement industry31, but the overall environmental achievement in the past decades has never been evaluated and quantified. Therefore, we aim to address these gaps in research by mapping the upgrading and distribution of CMT from 1996 to 2021 at the national and provincial levels with local production data. A comprehensive and overall assessment of the environmental impact of cement manufacturing was carried out by applying a life-cycle analysis to the national life-cycle inventory of cement. In addition, we showed the provincial distribution and evolution of the dominant environmental burden and chose representative provinces for this explanation. Moreover, we illustrated the environmental gains obtained by modernizing cement manufacturing in China through scenario analysis. In addition, we selected the CO2 emissions and electricity use per ton of cement as the typical indicators to make comparisons among countries. According to these findings, we propose environmental mitigation approaches at the global and national levels in terms of technological innovation, cleaner production, and sustainability policy design. We analyze the national and provincial CMT market share and changes in China’s cement industry. The market share of CMT is obtained by applying Eq. (1) and the linear regression model (Supplementary Methods) based on the data from 2005 to 2009. Fig. 1a, b show China’s CMT evolution and national cement production through various CMTs. Cement production was almost stable from 1996 to 2000 and was mainly manufactured using shaft kilns and other rotary kilns. In this stage (1996–2000), shaft kilns dominated the market, accounting for ~70%, which is in line with previous studies32,33,34,35,36. Then, there was a sudden decrease in the market share of shaft kilns in 2001, mainly resulting from the policy called Controlling total quantity and adjusting industry structure, which called for closing cement plants with low production, high energy consumption, and severe pollution before 200037. Driven by China’s economic growth and urbanization, cement production increased significantly from 2001 to 2013 and peaked at 2476 million tons (Mt) in 2014 (Fig. 1b). Afterward, however, cement production started to gradually decline despite some fluctuations. In this stage (2001–2021), less efficient kilns were gradually replaced with state-of-the-art technologies to meet growing market demand. NSP rotary kilns started penetrating the market in 2001, overtaking shaft kilns and other rotary kilns in 2007, and have become the leading CMT since 2010, which is in step with the Special Development Plan for Cement Industry issued by the National Development and Reform Commission38. A critical reason is that China’s accession to the World Trade Organization in 2001 was conducive for Chinese cement enterprises to track global technological development, strengthen their environmental protection awareness, and accelerate their technological progress6. Finally, NSP rotary kilns spread to almost the whole country, with a market share of ~99% in 2021 (Fig. 1a). a illustrates the evolution of China’s cement manufacturing technology. b shows the cement production from different CMTs from 1996 to 2021. c, d compare the regional disparities in China’s cement industry in 2001 and 2014. The cement manufacturing technologies of Hainan Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Taiwan Province are not included due to data availability. Data on cement production by province are collected from China Cement Almanac63, Almanac of China Building Materials Industry64, and National Burau of Statistics in China65. NSP rotary kilns started to account for more than 10% of the market share in 2001, and China’s national cement production peaked in 2014. Therefore, 2001 and 2014 are selected as typical years to present the spatial distribution of cement production and manufacturing capacity at the provincial level (Fig. 1c, d). CMTs in different provinces experienced several rounds of updating during this period. In 2001, shaft kilns and other rotary kilns accounted for the majority of the CMT market, while by 2014, NSP rotary kilns dominated the market, especially in eastern and southern China. Shandong, Jiangsu, and Guangdong Provinces appear to be the leading provinces with the largest cement production. The total cement production of these three provinces accounted for ~20–30% of the national cement production in 2001 and 2014. In contrast, there are approximately twice as many cement enterprises in eastern and southern China as in western and northern China (Supplementary Table 3). CMT upgrading in western and northern provinces such as Shanxi and Ningxia appears to be slower, as these regions have less cement production compared with the eastern and southern provinces due to an undeveloped economy and their lack of limestone resources. The life-cycle assessment (LCA) results among the three CMTs were compared; substantial differences between the environmental impacts of the three cement kilns are shown in Fig. 2a. The results indicate that FD, CC, and POF account for the most significant environmental impacts. The dominant impact shifted from FD to CC with CMT upgrading. In addition, local impacts associated with soil and water are mainly terrestrial acidification (TA) and terrestrial ecotoxicity (TE). The major source of FD is the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal to provide energy for cement kilns. CC is mainly attributed to the direct release of CO2 from three primary sources: carbonate decomposition, fuel combustion, and electricity use. POF is caused by NOX emissions, which are also formed by fuel combustion in the calciner and kiln. TA is caused by acid deposition with sulfur oxides (SOX) emitted from raw materials and sulfur-containing compounds in coal combustion. TE mainly results from heavy metal emissions from coal burning in clinker production. These findings are in line with the previous studies39,40,41,42. Another important finding is that NSP rotary kilns have significantly lower environmental impacts because of the adoption of advanced techniques and equipment in the clinker-burning stage. With the improvement in production efficiency and heat utilization in NSP rotary kilns43, ~50% fewer fossil fuels are consumed. Meanwhile, the heat is reduced due to the shorter length of the rotary kiln in the NSP system. In addition, pulverized coal burners with multiple air ducts play a crucial role in energy savings (reducing the ratio of primary air) and environmental protection (e.g., low NOx and alternative fuels). From the provincial perspective, the environmental burden has an intensive relationship with cement production and CMT (Supplementary Fig. 5 and Fig. 1c, d). To further explore how cement production and CMTs affect regional environmental impacts, we take the leading cement production provinces Sichuan (SC) and Guangdong (GD) as examples and particulate matter formation (PMF) as the targeted environmental impact (Fig. 2b and Supplementary Fig. 4). The results show that as a pioneer in CMT upgrading, GD has more prominent environmental impact alleviation than SC. Without continuous CMT upgrading in GD after 2010, the environmental impacts have continued to increase with the growth in cement production. a compares the key environmental impacts of cement manufacturing based on three major CMTs. The bubble size represents the share of the selected impact category accounting for the sum of one CMT’s LCA normalization results. b shows the geographical location of two selected cases at the provincial level. c illustrates the evolution of the PMF environmental impact caused by cement manufacturing based on three cement kilns in 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018. The environmental gains of CMT evolution are depicted in Fig. 3. Our findings showed that adopting advanced CMT (e.g., NSP rotary kilns) has remarkable environmental advantages in cement manufacturing, mitigating the environmental burden by ~25–53% from 1996 to 2021 based on the environmental impact category. Cement kiln innovation led to an annual decrease in China’s comprehensive cement manufacturing pollutant emissions and resource consumption. By 2021, the adoption and expansion of NSP rotary kilns led to cumulative reductions of ~53% in PMF, 47% in TA, 34% in TE, 30% in POF, 29% in CC, and 25% in human toxicity (HT). Moreover, ~2270 billion tons (Bt) of fossil fuel and 28 Bt of freshwater were saved. a–h compare the environmental impacts of cement manufacturing in China under two situations: the “Actual Situation” and the “Assumed Scenario” (if CMT upgrading had not taken place). The percentages noted in Fig. 3 are the cumulative reduction in environmental impacts from 1996 to 2021. Although FD, CC, and POF are the most notable environmental impacts of cement manufacturing, PMF has become the most prominent beneficiary of CMT upgrading (Supplementary Fig. 3). This result may be due to the effective PM governance of cement enterprises with NSP production lines, which meet the National Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Cement Industry (GB 4915–2013) of below 20–30 mg m−344. In addition, bag-type dust collectors have been adopted, contributing to cleaner production, with 99.95% dust removal efficiency45. Forty-seven percent of freshwater consumption has been reduced through the dry manufacturing process of NSP rotary kilns. At a temperature of 830–930 °C, cement raw meal, i.e., calcium carbonate, decomposes to produce calcium oxide, which has a strong sulfur absorption effect. In addition, humidifying tower water conditioning or cooling can absorb sulfur emitted from fuel combustion and material processing46. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted from raw material grinding is absorbed by the water vapor in waste gas and the surface of the raw material powder. All these unique processes and equipment have led to a nearly 50% decrease in SO2. Moreover, FD, POF, and CC have pollutant mitigation capacities of more than a quarter of the cumulative environmental impacts in the “Assumed Scenario”. Figure 4a depicts the CO2 emissions per ton of cement production by country from 1990 to 2015. Canada has the highest CO2 emission burden per ton of cement manufacturing throughout the period. In contrast, China’s environmental burden per ton of cement production was less than that of most developed countries: despite fluctuations during the 1990–2000 period, there was a notable decline after 2000 due to the rapid increase in NSP rotary kilns. The top four global cement producers included China, India, Vietnam, and America, with more than 90 Mt of cement production in 202047. Both China’s and India’s emissions were lower than 400 kg CO2 t−1 cement, while Vietnam’s emissions were higher than 500 kg CO2 t−1 cement in 2015. The shaft kiln is still the major CMT in Vietnam; rotary kilns account for less than 30% of the cement kiln market48,49,50. Looking at the global electricity consumption of cement production (Fig. 4b), Canada and the U.S. appeared as the top two countries, with more than 130 kWh t−1 of cement in 2018 due to the increasing use of alternative fuels such as hazardous wastes and tires that require more electricity17,51. For China and India, the results were ~80 kWh t−1 cement because NSP rotary kilns had a market share of more than 95%52. China is the leading country in implementing Excess Heat Recovery (EHR) technology in the cement sector. Almost 90% of its domestic clinker production capacity is equipped with EHR, making remarkable contributions to energy savings17. India has state-of-the-art equipment for crushing, raw meal grinding, and finish grinding53,54, leading to greater electricity savings. a compares the average CO2 emissions per ton of cement produced by country from 1990 to 2015. Here, the total CO2 emissions of cement production in each country5 are divided by the country’s total cement production47. b illustrates the electricity use per ton of cement produced in 2018. The data are collected from the International Energy Agency79. The evolution of environmental impacts in China offers strong evidence for the notable benefits brought by CMT upgrading. Our regional analysis revealed the environmental impacts on cement production locations, which is important, especially for natural resource exploitation and pollutants such as local fossil energy consumption and heavy metals discharged into the soil and water13,26,27,28. These findings can help policymakers propose specific measures to facilitate cleaner production. For instance, heavy metal-contaminated soils could be used as a replacement for clay in Portland cement production to treat local heavy metal pollution15. Toward 2030, China’s demand for cement will show a downward trend55. Currently, the majority of cement production has taken advantage of NSP rotary kilns in China, leaving little room for further CMT development13. Further mitigation strategies for China’s cement industry should focus on better applying innovative pollution-reduction technologies (e.g., renewable energy, carbon capture, and storage technology56,57) and choosing suitable raw material and fuel substitutions for cement manufacturing that adapts modern concrete technology to reach the carbon neutrality target. From the life-cycle perspective, the certification of green building materials, such as environmental product declarations (EPDs), could be further used to help design policy measures that favor low-carbon cement products58. From a global perspective, it is essential to identify the dominant environmental burden through CMT market share analysis before local governments propose corresponding mitigation strategies for the cement industry. On the one hand, approaches such as accelerating CMT upgrading and improving the emission standard for air pollutants need to be prioritized to reduce the environmental impact in the cement market led by shaft kilns or other rotary kilns. Our regional analysis showed that outdated shaft kilns and the lack of newer technologies were listed as the key contributing factors to the environmental impact caused by cement manufacturing. For instance, Vietnam has 8.3% of global cement production capacity, with the majority of this capacity supported by shaft kilns47; thus, the environmental impact mitigation accompanying rapid CMT innovation will be significantly improved. In addition to technology, the market downturn and overcapacity are serious barriers affecting some developing countries’ cement industries. Measures such as integrating cement enterprises’ production capacity and phasing out outdated cement plants should be considered. On the other hand, the collaborative governance of key pollutants (e.g., CO2, SO2, NOX) is crucial for countries where NSP rotary kilns are the primary CMT; increasing EHR technology equipment, switching to low-carbon-intensive fuels, choosing alternative fuels with low moisture content43,59, improving the energy efficiency of auxiliary equipment (e.g., conveyors, elevators, blowers, compressors, and pumps60), and adopting advanced grinding technology (e.g., high-pressure grinding rolls and vertical roller mills) will provide 50–70% electricity savings compared to the current widely used ball mills61. Moreover, our research illustrates that NSP cement kilns, which are the most efficient kilns available across the world, still require further efforts to mitigate photochemical oxidants, such as low-nitrogen combustion, staged combustion, and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology62. We acknowledge the following limitations of this research. Because of limited information on the market share of the three main CMTs, linear regression models are adopted to simulate the developing trend of CMTs in each province from 1996 to 2021. In addition, the national life-cycle inventory of cement manufacturing is applied due to the lack of each province’s life-cycle inventory. Thus, it is necessary to further investigate local cement associations and enterprises to supplement and update these data. In addition, cement categories (e.g., 32.5, 42.5, 52.5) that have various manufacturing requirements are different by region; thus, the environmental impacts of manufacturing diverse cement products are probably not the same. Accordingly, the local consumption structure of various cement categories and the corresponding environmental burdens remain to be further studied. We have illustrated the evolution of CMT from 1996 to 2021 at the national and provincial levels. The studies suggested that China experienced a cleaner production transition in the cement industry during the past decades: from shaft kilns and other rotary kilns to NSP rotary kilns, which accounted for ~99% of the CMT market in 2021. Based on the regional analysis, the results indicated that CMT upgrading in western and northern provinces, such as Shanxi and Ningxia, appears to be slower, with less cement production compared with the eastern and southern provinces due to an undeveloped economy and the lack of limestone resources. Our findings identified the environmental impacts of cement manufacturing by three major CMTs. The results further confirmed that FD, CC, and POF appeared to be the predominant effect. NSP rotary kilns were more environmentally friendly than shaft kilns and other rotary kilns. The dominant impact shifted from FD to CC with CMT upgrading. However, NSP rotary kilns still need further attention to mitigate photochemical oxidants. In addition, local impacts associated with soil and water are mainly TA and TE. From the provincial perspective, the environmental burden of cement manufacturing showed an intensive relationship with cement production and CMT. This study explored the environmental gains obtained by modernizing cement manufacturing in China. The research showed that adopting advanced CMT (e.g., NSP rotary kilns) has remarkable environmental advantages in cement manufacturing. In contrast, PMF has become the most prominent beneficiary of CMT upgrading. By 2021, the adoption and expansion of NSP rotary kilns led to cumulative reductions of ~53% in PMF, 47% in TA, 34% in TE, 30% in POF, 29% in CC, and 25% in HT. In addition, ~2270 Bt of fossil fuel and 28 Bt of freshwater were saved. Subsequently, we compared the environmental burden among countries. The results demonstrated that the CO2 emissions and electricity use per ton of cement production in China were lower than those in most other developed countries due to the implementation of advanced technology in the cement sector (e.g., EHR). In conclusion, our findings will facilitate sustainable development and accelerate the green transition of the global cement industry by providing environmental burden mitigation strategies for technological innovation, cleaner production, and sustainability policy design. Based on the market share of NSP rotary kilns from 2005 to 200963 (Supplementary Table 4), a linear regression model was adopted to analyze the market share of NSP rotary kilns in China from 2001 to 2021 (details and results are shown in Supplementary Methods). Then, based on the results of the market share of NSP rotary kilns, the market share and annual growth rate of shaft kilns and other rotary kilns in each province were estimated using field investigations in 2006 and 2012 (Supplementary Table 1). The market share of shaft kilns can be calculated by Eq. (1). where q is the province in China. ({L}_{j}^{q}) is the market share of shaft kilns in province q in year j, and ({N}_{j}^{q}) is the market share of NSP rotary kilns in province q in year j. ({l}_{2006}^{q}) and ({l}_{2012}^{q}) represent the proportion of the designed capacity of cement enterprises’ shaft kilns in province q in 2006 and 2012, respectively. ({h}_{2006}^{q}) and ({h}_{2012}^{q}) are the proportion of the designed capacity of cement enterprises’ other rotary kilns in province q in 2006 and 2012, respectively. Since cement production based on NSP rotary kilns accounted for less than 10% of the national cement production before 20006,10, only shaft kilns and other rotary kilns were considered before 2000. Hainan Province, Tianjin Municipality, and Taiwan Province are not included since they are not contained in the China Cement Almanac63. Based on the market share of CMTs, the national cement production through various CMTs can be obtained by Eq. (2). where ({P}_{j}^{a}) is the national cement production of CMT category a in year j. ({T}_{j}) is the total cement production in China in year j63,64,65. ({C}_{j}^{a}) is the national market share of CMT category a in year j. LCA is the most used type of valuation with broad international acceptance for measuring environmental impacts66. The LCA model comprises resource extraction, raw material preparation, clinker calcination, and cement grinding (Fig. 5). Transport and the cement packaging process are not included in the LCA boundary. The functional unit is 1 ton of ordinary Portland cement because its production accounts for more than 98% of the total cement production in China30. The life-cycle inventory for the major types of cement kilns in China is collected from studies conducted by indigenous scholars Gong67, Yu68, and Li41 (shown in Supplementary Table 2). The LCA of cement manufacturing processes is conducted by Gabi software v10.5. Here, the midpoint(H) method of ReCipe2016 v1.169 is adopted to analyze the environmental impact characterization of the three major CMTs. For this study, eight impact categories are selected: climate change (kg CO2eq.), fossil depletion (kg oil eq.), photochemical oxidant formation (kg NOxeq.), terrestrial acidification (kg SO2eq.), particulate matter formation (kg PM2.5eq.), human toxicity (kg 1,4-DCB eq.), terrestrial ecotoxicity (kg 1,4-DCB eq.), and freshwater consumption (m3). These impacts are identified as the highest environmental impacts of cement manufacturing28,70,71,72,73. The value chain of cement manufacturing includes four steps: resource extraction, raw material preparation, clinker burning, and cement grinding. The inventory comprises two aspects: the inputs of energy, material, and water; the outputs of emissions to air, water, and land. Subsequently, environmental impact normalization on the midpoint is carried out to compare the contribution of cement manufacturing to the total impacts in various categories74. In normalization, the characterized results of each impact category are divided by a selected reference value (R), which brings all the results to the same scale28 (Eq. (3)); this process is helpful for interpreting the results. The normalization factors in our study refer to ReCipe2016 v1.1 midpoint normalization world level 201075,76. where ({N}_{e}) is the normalization result of environmental impact e. ({C}_{e}) is the total magnitude of environmental impact e. ({R}_{e}) is the normalization factor for environmental impact category e. Scenario analysis is seen as a vital tool to facilitate strategic thinking in environmental impact assessment and support an integrated planning process in which the main stakeholders participate77. Based on the LCA results, two scenarios can reveal the contribution of CMT application. The assumed scenario represents no CMT upgrading (i.e., no NSP rotary kilns) after 2000, assuming that the market shares of shaft kilns and other rotary kilns were the average percent from 1996 to 2000. The equations for calculating various environmental impacts in the “Actual Situation” and “Assumed Scenario” are shown in Table 1. Then, we compare the environmental impacts to identify the environmental gains of CMT evolution in China. The Paris Agreement uses CO2 as the dominant indicator to evaluate the greenhouse gas emission stress on climate78. According to the results shown in Fig. 2a, climate change is identified as the key environmental impact of cement manufacturing. Therefore, CO2 emissions are selected as the typical environmental impact to compare per ton cement production by country. However, there is little information on the CMT structure and its corresponding environmental burden in other countries. To enhance comparability, the total CO2 emissions of cement production in each country5 are divided by the country’s total cement production47 (Eq. (4)). Moreover, the electricity per ton of cement by country in 2018, which was directly collected from the International Energy Agency79, was used to further compare the energy consumption and environmental burden of cement manufacturing among countries. where ({E}_{j}^{m}) is the average CO2 emissions of cement production in country m in year j. ({I}_{j}^{m}) is the total CO2 emissions of cement production in country m in year j5. ({T}_{j}^{m}) is the total cement production in country m in year j47. Datasets generated and analyzed in this study are further elaborated in the supplementary information and available at Figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.20580399.v1). 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School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China Xiaozhen Xu, Beijia Huang, Lian Duan, Yanxi Chen & Yuyue Wang Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Litao Liu Energy and Materials in Infrastructure and Buildings (EMIB), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Zhi Cao Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China Xiaofeng Gao Department of Construction Management, School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Ruichang Mao Department of Green Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark Gang Liu You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar You can also search for this author in PubMedGoogle Scholar B.H. designed the research. X.X. drafted the manuscript. X.X. and B.H. drew all figures. L.L. collected provincial CMT data. B.H., G.L., Z.C., X.G., R.M. and L.D. revised the manuscript. X.X., Y.C. and Y.W. performed the calculation and analysis. Correspondence to Beijia Huang. The authors declare no competing interests. Gang Liu is an Editorial Board Member for Communications Earth & Environment, but was neither involved in the editorial review of, nor the decision to publish this article. Communications Earth & Environment thanks Ujjwal Sharma and the other, anonymous, reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Primary Handling Editors: Alessandro Rubino, Joe Aslin and Heike Langenberg. Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Reprints and Permissions Xu, X., Huang, B., Liu, L. et al. Modernizing cement manufacturing in China leads to substantial environmental gains. 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Suvranil Ghosh The more hardware synthesizer and studio-essential guides that I do, the more I discover that the Prophet Rev 2 is the secret weapon behind some of my favorite productions. This synth, which picks up where Dave Smith's iconic synth left off, offers so much versatility and originality that it is no wonder top-level producers consistently rely on it. Paradoks is a producer whose signature sound has graced labels such as Stil Vor Talent, Purified Records, and Parquet. The millions of streams on streaming platforms he has amassed may not have been possible without the powerhouse Prophet Rev 2 in his arsenal and Ableton Live as his canvas. So as the Swiss-Belgian melodic producer sets out to make new strides in his career by self-releasing his first track on Antinome, we decided it was high time we discovered his secrets on how he uses the Rev 2 in combination with Ableton Live to achieve his signature melodic sound. The track stands out from the sea of other songs through its emphasis on telling a story through its melody instead of melody for melody's sake. The vocals and leading synth lines play a bit of call and response together, playing off each other's phrasing as they each evolve and progress with new heights of emotion and complexity. Just as the synths and instrumentation expand to their apex in the breakdown, the subdued finale retracts the instrumentation for a raw and emotional climax simply off of its minimalism. Stream / Purchase: Paradoks – New Beginning “New Beginning pictures the story of someone’s initial struggle of belonging. As the song progresses, the feeling evolves into acceptance, switching the darkness for the light as they discover a more profound sense of purpose. It’s a song that reflects a part of my life and some difficult moments I have been going through, both in the music industry and my personal life. I had some inner artistic conflicts and faced many paradoxes, but I feel now that I’m embracing what is truly me, both as a person and as an artist.” – Paradoks. Magnetic Mag keeps the lights on through an affiliate partnership with Sweetwater. If you'd like to learn more about this synth and help us out as independent writers, head to this link here. The Prophet Rev 2 is the centerpiece of my setup. I use it both as the beautiful synth it is and as my master keyboard that controls my other synths or pianos, virtual or analog. For example, in some of my videos, you can see me playing the piano with Rev 2. Since I make melodic music, I need to have a synth and a keyboard I feel comfortable with as my main central piece, always within reach. The Rev 2 as a synth has the potential to make complex and beautiful sounds thanks to its layering abilities, allowing you to edit the envelopes, sequence, tempo of two separate layers, and many more. This is great for pads, atmospheres, leads, and FXs. But even the most straightforward sounds with a bit of built-in Rev 2 saturation sound great on their own, which is what I tend to go for most of the time. I also particularly like its hardware integration with Omnisphere. My Rev 2 is pre-mapped to control all the parameters of Omnisphere, allowing me to use the Rev 2 both for its synth sound and to control Omnisphere without having to go through the tedious process of midi mapping every knob. This transforms my Rev2 into the ultimate Omnisphere controller. I could, therefore, also layer the sound of the Rev 2 itself with the sound of Omnisphere. Not that I do that, though: I prefer to embrace simplicity, but you could if you wanted to. Now that I’m writing this, I might go ahead and experiment more with this. Ableton is just my favorite DAW in general. I initially learned music production with FL Studio but switched to Ableton 5 years ago. I am a very fast worker, and Ableton enables that fast workflow thanks to all its shortcuts. I’m also a fan of the session view; it is just so versatile to record external instruments or recording anything in general. I use the session mode not only to start and jam on a new idea but also when already working on an advanced project in arrangement mode. Let’s say I feel an element missing in a specific part of the song, a lead, for example, and I want to reach out to my Rev 2. I can then loop that part in the arrangement, switch to session mode, jam, and record that lead in session mode for as long as I want while the arrangement is being looped endlessly. This gives me a lot of freedom to experiment, even when working on the arrangement of an almost-finished track. I then record the Rev 2 both in Midi and Audio, which brings us to the next point… Once I recorded a part of the Rev 2, I love to duplicate the audio channel. I keep one clean, and on the other channel, I completely mess up the recorded audio. This can be done by using external effects or directly working with the audio. I transpose some notes from the audio up or down with the different Ableton warping algorithms. This gives it a particular grain. I also like to reverse some notes, stretch them, and experiment as much as possible. You can hear this in my track ‘New Beginning,’ for example. The main lead was recorded with my prophet Rev2, but I had fun reversing and cutting some notes to give more movement and make the main lead more exciting and alive. Sometimes I keep precisely what I recorded, but sometimes I play so much with the audio that I have something completely different from how I initially recorded. I also like manipulating the recorded audio source to make FXs, atmospheres, and more. By stretching some audio notes to extremes and adding a lot of reverbs, you can get some great textures to fill up the sonic space of the song. Even though these manipulated audios will sound completely different than the source, they are all part of the same recording, giving the piece a sense of unity between the sounds. And, of course, I then process the sounds using my favorite virtual plugins, such as EQ, Compression, Saturation, and more. But sometimes, I keep it simple. In ‘Flying Particles,’ I recorded the main lead by directly playing it on Rev 2, without quantization, and kept it exactly as it was from the first recording. The same happened with my ‘The Prophet’ in the breakdown. Yes, I called it this way because it was the first track I produced with the Prophet Rev 2. Suvranil Ghosh I don’t think there is anything specific I wish I had learned earlier about Ableton and hardware integration; it was pretty simple. However, had I known Omnisphere had such a tight integration with my Rev 2, I would have bought Omnisphere much sooner! Sometimes, I like to use it first thing, even before opening Ableton. I would spend time designing a sound on my Prophet Rev 2 and trying melodies and ideas to inspire me. Once I have something that catches my attention, I open Ableton and start recording it. I like to work this way because sometimes, by opening the program first, you can already feel a slight pressure to produce. But when it’s just me and my Rev 2, I feel like I’m just messing around until something happens or doesn’t. It’s just like when I play the average piano: I feel more grounded and inspired without the distracting computer screen, without the infinite possibilities that can overwhelm you with a program like Ableton. In most cases, I tend to reach out for my Rev 2 when looking for an upfront lead sound. I use Rev 2 as the main lead of ‘New Beginning,’ ‘Sense of Wonder,’ ‘Flying Particles,’ ‘Flourish,’ ‘The Prophet,’ and many more. With these tracks, the lead was also the first element, the main hook around which I produced the song. But as mentioned above, I also like to use it for FXs, Atmospheres, or Arps and Chords, which I add later in the process. Magnetic Mag keeps the lights on through an affiliate partnership with Sweetwater. If you'd like to learn more about this synth and help us out as independent writers, head to this link here. Managing Editor at Magnetic Magazine – Former Marketing Manager at the Hyperbits Masterclass – Writer, Content Strategist, Music Producer, and Record Label Manager
language (Yicai Global) Nov. 17 — The Chinese joint venture of German luxury car brand Mercedes Benz has slashed the prices of some models in its all-electric EQ series by between 8.6 percent and 22 percent. The price reductions affect the EQE 350, EQS and AMG EQS 53, Beijing Benz Automotive said. The move aims to match changing market demand, it added, noting that Mercedes Benz is also offering an exclusive subsidy program for customers who buy these models before Nov. 16. BBA shaved as much as CNY229,700 (USD32,204) off the cost of an EQS sedan to between CNY845,000 and CNY1.13 million (USD118,500 and USD184,200), CNY198,600 off the AMG EQS 53 to CNY1.55 million, and up to CNY50,700 (USD7,110) off the EQE 350 to between CNY478,000 and CNY534,300, according to its website. “In the past few years, BMW, Benz, and Audi, did not keep pace with the rapid growth of the new energy vehicle market in China,” said Cui Dongshu, secretary general of the China Passenger Car Association. “Traditional luxury auto brands, including BBA, are not performing as well as they should in the NEV industry.” Sales of Mercedes Benz-branded new energy vehicles jumped 126 percent to 75,400 in the first three quarters of 2022 from a year earlier, accounting for 5 percent of the total, according to the carmaker’s website. Insurance data showed that in China, the world’s biggest NEV market, there were less than 15,000 cars from Mercedes Benz’s EQ series in the first three quarters. Editor: Futura Costaglione
Today, U.S. Senator Maria Cantwell (D-Wash.), Chair of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, and Senator Ted Cruz (R-Texas), member of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, introduced the Informing Consumers about Smart Devices Act. The bill would require the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to create reasonable disclosure guidelines for products that have audio or visual recording components, such as refrigerators, washers, dryers and dishwashers that are not clearly obvious. Many consumers don’t realize the growing number of household devices and appliances include cameras and/or microphones that are capable of recording them and also include Wi-Fi capability to transmit data without their knowledge. “It’s estimated that by 2026, over 84 million households will have smart devices – providing connection and control over everything from your air conditioning to your air fryer,” said Chair Cantwell. “Yet, most consumers expect their refrigerators to keep the milk cold, not record their most personal and private family discussions. I’m happy to work with Senator Cruz on a bill that will ensure consumers know whether their household appliances are capable of invading their privacy.” “American consumers should be aware when their appliances and everyday tech products have the capability to record them through microphones and cameras – let alone the ability to transmit through Wi-Fi. I’m proud to help author this bipartisan solution to help safeguard the privacy and security of American homes,” said Sen. Cruz. Text of the bill can be found here.
Nick Nurse (photo by Thearon
Mark Anderson, age 56, of Jamestown, KY passed away Thursday, November 17 2022 at Lake Cumberland Regional Hospital.
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